KAMLA NEHRU COLLEGE

MBA-MCA SESSION 2011

DETAILS OF NUCLEAR POLLUTION

UNDER GUIDENCE OF :-VAIBHAV SIR

 
 
 
 Definition of nuclear pollution

RADIOACTIVE WASTE IS A WASTE 
PRODUCT CONTAINING RADIOACTIVE 
MATERIAL. 
IT IS USUALLY THE PRODUCT OF A 
NUCLEAR PROCESS SUCH AS 
NUCLEAR FISSION THOUGH 
INDUSTRIES NOT DIRECTLY 
CONNECTED TO THE NUCLEAR 
INDUSTRY MAY ALSO PRODUCE 
QUANTITIES OF RADIOACTIVE 
WASTE. 
 Environmental pollution of
nuclear power plant

It was commonly to think that nuclear energy is absolutely safe until 
some serious incidents occurred on nuclear power plants of the USA(Three Mile 
Island), Japan(Kashiwaszki-Kariwa) and the most dangerous incident in the 
former USSR (Chernobyl). The last of them had very serious consequences. All 
these events changed the opinion of people about the safety of nuclear energy. 
However the danger of nuclear energy was not only in the nuclear accidents.
 CAUSES

•Emission of uranium & Tritium
•Fusion of radioactive elements
•Fossil Fuels mining
•Transportation Petroleum 
•Electricity Generation 
•Industrial Energy
 EFFECTS

•Release of radioactive particles into environment
•Radioactive isotopes pollution
•Water temperature increases
•The threat of nuclear accidents
•The threat of nuclear terrorism
EFFECTS
Release of radioactive
particles
 Usually the radioactive particles 
appear from radioactive isotopes 
and in fission process. In most 
cases speaking about radioactive 
particles pollution, people mean 
gamma-radiation, which is easily 
determinated by a Geiger counter. 
At the same time there are many 
beta-radiators, which are badly 
determinated by the most of 
existing devices.

Radioactive isotopes
pollution
 Radioactive contamination is typically the 
result of a spill or accident during the 
production or use of radionuclides 
(radioisotopes), an unstable nucleus 
which has excessive energy. However 
the production of those radionuclides is 
controlled by filters and other 
equipment. The biological effects of 
internally deposited radionuclides 
depend greatly on the activity and the 
biodistribution and removal rates of the 
radionuclide, which in turn depends on 
its chemical form.
Water temperature
increase
 For the NPPs just as for the thermal 
power stations heat release into is 
typical.
 It is marked that the temperature of 
water in the area of nuclear power 
station is higher than without it. 
Because of that the balance of water 
evaporation is disturbed and the 
amount of salt in water increased. 
This changes can lead to extinction of 
some species of animals.
The treat of nuclear
accidents
 Themost actual question appealed to
NPP is the question of nuclear
accidents. Thought the chances of
such accident is very small the
danger it carries is very serious.
Nuclear terrorism
threat
 Another actual
question of the
NPP’s safety is
nuclear terrorism.

 The NPP could be
captured by
terrorists and used
like a nuclear
weapon.
 Major incidents regarding
NPPs
Chernobyl Three Mile Island Kashiwazaki-Kariwa
Reactors used •A high-power, boiling •TMI-2 reactor •BWR

water type reactor

The main causes of the •The operators violated
(RBMK)
•The sequence of certain •Earthquake

accident plant procedures and were events - - equipment

consequences •The Ukrainian Ministry of •None people died. There
ignorant of the safety malfunctions, design
•None died. No

Public Healthneeded
requirements in Aprilby were noproblems
related environment
and environmental pollution.
1995 said 125,000
the RBMK design. already pollution
worker errors.
dead.
•Economically, the

consequences have been

staggering: at least $300
Billion and more.
 Chernobyl Three Mile Island Kashiwazaki-Kariwa

Pict •

ure •

s •

•
LATEST NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS
 Could it happen
again?
 Yes, the causes of such disasters are
well understood but there’s no
certitude that government and NPP’s
personnel will follow them. First of all
some countries couldn’t have enough
money to develop and integrate
newest technologies into NPPs.
Secondly the chance of human
mistakes is always exists. So there
always will be chance of accident like
the ones we examined.
THANK YOU