Push-over analysis for seismic

performance evaluation of RC frame

structures. Computer programs

 Dr. C. G. Chiorean


 Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania

 Bolseiro na UNL/FCT, Lisboa, Portugal


Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 Basic Modeling Concepts
In general, a model should include the following

• • Soil-Structure-Foundation System
• • Structural (Primary) Components and Elements
• • Nonstructural (Secondary) Components and Elements
• • Mechanical Systems (if performance of such
• systems is being assessed)
• • Reasonable Distribution and Sequencing
• of gravity loads
• • P-Delta (Second Order) Effects
• • Reasonable Representation of Inherent Damping
• • Realistic Representation of Inelastic Behavior
• • Realistic Representation of Ground Shaking

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 Basic Modeling Concepts

• • In general, a three-dimensional model is necessary.

• However, due to limitations in available software,
• 3-D inelastic time history analysis is still not practical
• (except for very special and important structures).
• • In this course we will concentrate on 2-D analysis.
• • We will use the computer program NONLIN-Pro
• which is on the course CD. Note that the analysis
• engine behind NONLIN-Pro is DRAIN-2Dx.
• • DRAIN-2Dx is old technology, but it represents the basic
• state of the practice. The state of the art is being advanced
• through initiatives such as PEER’s OpenSees Environment.

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 WHY DO PUSHOVER ANALYSIS

• Design Earthquakes cause nonlinear behavior

• Better understand building behavior
- Identify weak elements with plastic hinge formation and order.
- Realistic prediction of element demands
• Less conservative acceptance criteria can be used than linear analysis.
•

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 Outline
Outline

Part I .
Push-over analysis for seismic
performance evaluation of spatial RC frame
structures

Part II .
Computer programs
NEFCAD Computer program for large deflection
elasto - plastic analysis of spatial frame structures
ASEP Computer program for inelastic analysis of
arbitrary reinforced and composite concrete sections

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 Performance Check Using Pushover

Expected Performance Point for

given Earthquake
Force Measure

Performance Limits (IO,

LS, CP)

Deformation Measure

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 • Construct Pushover curve
• Select earthquake level(s) to check and construct their spectrum curves
• Decide the performance level(s) (i.e.: IO, LS, CP)
• Verify structural performance with guidelines
– Capacity Spectrum Method (ATC-40)
– Displacement Coefficient Method (FEMA 273)
– TERDC – 2006 (Turkish Earthquake Resistant Design Code)

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 Seismic
Seismic performance
performance –– Inelastic
Inelastic Types
Types
of
of analysis
analysis
Nonlinear dynamic analysis - time
history ( final solution )

Static Nonlinear analysis - Push - over Analysis

( aproximative solution )

UN F Vb Push-over Curve
Load vs Deflection

UN
V
b

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 Key
Key elements
elements of
of the
the push-over
push-over analysis
analysis
•Nonlinear static procedure: constant gravitational loads and
monotonically increasing lateral loads
•Plastic mechanisms and P-∆ ε φ φ ε χ τ σ :
δ ι π λ αχ ε µ ε ν τ ο ρ αρ χ λ ε ν γ τ η
χ ο ν τ ρ ο λ
•Capacity curve: Control node displacement vs base shear force
•Lateral load patterns: uniform, modal, SRSS, ELF force distribution
•Estimation of the target displacement: elastic or inelastic response
spectrum for equivalent SDOF system
•Performance evaluation: global and local seismic demands with
capacities of performance level.

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 Inelastic
Inelastic analysis
analysis models
models

Concentrated plasticity Distributed plasticity

Plastic zones
Elastic Plastic hinge Elastic

Dimensionless plastic hinge Plastic zones

Interaction surface Force-strain curves: quasi plastic hinge approach

Return mapping plasticity algorithms Stress-strain curves: fiber element approach

Computationally efficient but limited Plastic flow rules

accuracy High accuracy but computational expensive

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 3D
3D RC
RC Fiber
Fiber Beam
Beam Column
Column Element
Element
Steel Concrete x
Y
v j, Tjy uj, Nj
j=IP5 x
θxj,Mxj
IP4
IP3 X wj, T jz
θzj,M zj
IP2 y
y Z y
i≡ PI1 vi, T iy
θyi,Myi
Mz
N z
L/2
ui, Ni wi, Tiz
z
z
L/2 θxi,Mxi θzi,M zi My

•Flexibility-based nonlinear beam column element

•Iterative method to compute inelastic response at cross-sectional level (inelasatic
flexural and axial rigidity)
•Gradual yielding along the member length and within the cross sections
•Distributed loads
•Uniform or nonuniform (tapered) members One element/
member
•Variation of reinforcement bars along the member

•
Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame
structures . Computer programs
 Inelastic
Inelastic analysis
analysis of
of cross-sections
cross-sections

η
y

x
(NA
ξ )
ε = u + Φx y + Φy x = u + Φη
Φ = Φ2x + Φ2y

•Arbitrary cross-sections under biaxial bending moments and axial force

•Arc length icremental iterative method with tangent stiffness strategy
•Green´s theorem: domain integrals are evaluated in terms of boundary integrals
•M-N-Φ χ υ ρ ϖε σ , Ν −Μ ξ −Μ ψ ι ν τ ε ρ α χ τ ι ο ν
δ ι αγ ρ αµ σ αν δ αξ ι αλ φ ο ρ χ ε υ λ τ ι µ ατ ε
χ υ ρ ϖατ υ ρ ε

Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame

structures . Computer programs
 Model
Model capabilities
capabilities

•Large deflection and large rotations

•Geometrical local effects (P-δ ) ι ν χ λ υ δ ι ν γ β ο ω ι ν γ
ε φ φ ε χ τ , σηε αρ δ ε φ ο ρ µ ατ ι ο ν σ
•Χ ο ν χ ε ν τ ρ α τ ε δ α ν δ δ ι σ τ ρ ι β υ τ ε δ
π λ α σ τ ι χ ι τ ψ (φ ι β ε ρ α ν δ Μ −Ν −Φ
απ ρ ο αχ ηε σ)
•Χ ο ν σ ι σ τ ε ν χ ψ β ε τ ω ε ε ν λ ι ν ε α ρ α ν δ
ν ο ν λ ι ν ε α ρ µ ο δ ε λ σ (ο ν ε
ε λ ε µ ε ν τ /µ ε µ β ε ρ )
•Λ ο χ α λ γ ε ο µ ε τ ρ ι χ α λ α ν δ µ ατ ε ρ ι αλ
ι µ π ε ρ φ ε χ τ ι ο ν σ
•Φ λ ε ξ ι β λ ε (σ ε µ ι −ρ ι γ ι δ ) α ν δ φ ι ν ι τ ε
ϕο ι ν τ σ
•Χ ο µ π λ ε τ ε ν ο ν −λ ι ν ε α ρ β ε η α ϖι ο ρ (π ρ ε
αν δ π ο στ χ ρ τ ι χ αλ ρ ε σπ ο ν σε : σν απ −
Push - over analysis for seismic performance evaluation of RC frame
β αχ κ α ν δ σ .ν Computer
structures α π −τ ηprograms
ρ ο υ γ η)