Stuart, Jeanette Caswell, Lea Dagos, Cherie

Bautista, Kit Garcia, Lourdes Bagui, Sid

Sulat ni Tatay at Nanay
INTRODUCTION
Albert Sy, 64 years old, 200 lbs, widow,
diabetic and on injectible insulin, part
left leg amputation and depressed.
What is Diabetes ?

When you have Diabetes your

body does not use insulin very
well or does not make enough
insulin.

Because of this, you have

high blood sugar.
Where does insulin come
from?
The Pancreas makes insulin.

The Pancreas is located

behind the stomach.
 What is an Insulin?

A hormone secreted by the beta cells,

which are one of four types of cells in
the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

Insulin allows glucose to move into cells

to make energy
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Affected Parts of the body
Organs contributing to the rise in blood glucose
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The pathophysiology of Type 1 diabetes
mellitus suggests that it is an autoimmune
disease, in which the body's own immune
system generates secretion of substances that
attack the beta cells of the pancreas.
Consequently, the pancreas secretes little or no
insulin.
 Causes

• Auto immune response

• Genetic factors

• Virus

• Diabetes Secondary to
Other Conditions
Polydipsia/Extreme Thirst
Polyuria/Frequent Urination
Polyphagia /Always Hungry
Blurred Vision
Drowsiness
Nausea
Lethargy / Fatigue
Sudden weight loss for no
reason
Recurrent infection and slow
healing of wounds
Numb or tingling hands or
feet
 Treatment

Taking insulin Eating heal

thy foods

Exercising regularly and maintaining a hea

lthy weight
Monitoring blood sugar
The normal blood sugar levels are between 70 and 150 mg.
Respiratory problems  Hypertension Joint problems 
Blood flow problem High Cholesterol  Oxygen
Sexual problems  Heart Disease  Glucose levels 
Heart attacks 
Maintain a normal blood pressure
Nursing Care Plan
 Activities of Daily Living
6:30 - 7:00 am
6:00 - 6:30 am
Taking a bath, brushing of teeth
Praying time
 Activities of Daily Living
7:00 – 7:30 A.M. 7:30 A.M.
Exercise Insulin shot
 Activities of Daily Living
8:00 – 8:30 A.M. 8:30 – 9:00 A.M.
Breakfast Reading Newspaper
 Activities of Daily Living
9:00 – 9:30 A.M. 9:30 – 10:00 A.M.
Snacks Rest
 Activities of Daily Living
10:30 A.M. 10:00 – 11:00 A.M.
Blood Glucose Monitoring Playing puzzle
 Activities of Daily Living
11:30 A.M.
11:00 – 12:00 noon
Watching TV with family
Insulin Shot
 Activities of Daily Living
12:00 – 1:00 P.M. 1:00 – 3:00 P.M.
Lunch and Brushing of teeth Rest or Sleep
 Activities of Daily Living
3:00 P.M. 3: 00 – 3:30 P.M.
Blood Glucose Monitoring Snacks
 Activities of Daily Living
3:30 – 5:30 P.M.
Visiting time (with relatives or friends)/Karaoke
time
 Activities of Daily Living
5:30 – 6:30 P.M. 6:00 P.M.
Listening to the music Insulin Shot
 Activities of Daily Living
6:30 – 7:30 P.M. 7:30 – 8:30 P.M.
Dinner and Brushing of teeth Rest or Watching TV with
Family
 Activities of Daily Living
9:30 PM 8:30 – 12:00 MN
Blood Glucose Monitoring Sleep
 Activities of Daily Living
11:00 P.M. 12:00 – 12:30 A.M.
Insulin shot Midnight snack
Activities of Daily Living
12:30 – 6:00 A.M.
Sleep
 Meal Plan
To achieve a balanced diet for diabetes control Type 1 diabetes
diet should observe the following rules:

 Follow the recommendations of the food guide pyramid.

 Sunday
BR Oatmeal, Fortified, Instant - 4 Oz
Milk, Cow's, Nonfat (skim) – 1 Cup
MS Apple, Raw - 1/2 Medium
L Chicken Sandwich - 1 Serving
Carrot, Baby, Raw - 6 Oz
AS Raisin, Seedless – 25 Raisin
Peanut, Dry Roasted, No Salt – 1 Oz
D Jambalaya - 1 Serving
Broccoli Vinaigrette - 1 Serving
ES Yogurt, Strawberry, Nonfat – 8 Oz
1237 Calories(kcal); 84 Protein(g); 174
Carbs(g); 28 Fat(g); 5 Sat Fat(g); 227
Cholest(mg); 25 Fiber(g); 1291
Sodium(mg)
 Monday
BR Milk, Cow's, Nonfat, Vit-a (skim)- 8 Oz
All-bran, Rte - 1/2 Cup
MS Pear, Raw - 1 Pear
L Cheese And Fruit Submarine Sandwich - 1 Serving
Salad Dressing, French, Diet - 1Tbsp
Iceberg Lettuce, Raw - 1/2 Cup
AS Carrot, Raw - 10 Large Strip
D Mixed Vegetables, Boiled, No Salt - 4 Oz
Kale, Boiled, No Salt - 1/2 Cup
Eggplant Parmesan - 1 Serving
Spaghetti Pasta, Cooked, Enriched - 1 Cup
ES Applegurt - 1 Serving
1276 Calories(kcal); 74 Protein(g); 211 Carbs(g);
24 Fat(g); 11 Sat Fat(g); 55 Cholest(mg);
38Fiber(g); 1633Sodium(mg)
 Tuesday
BR Milk, Cow's, Nonfat, Vit-a (skim) - 1 Cup
Ham And Eggs - 1 Serving
MS Egg Bagel - 1 Mini-bagel
Cheddar Cheese - 1 Cubic-inch
Milk, Cow's, Nonfat, Vit-a (skim) - 8 Fl Oz
L Mixed Vegetables, Boiled, No Salt - 1/2 Cup
Tuna On Pita Bread - 1 Serving
AS Broccoli, Raw - 1/2 Cup
Salsa, Chunky Chili Dip, Canned - 2 Tbsp
Apple, Raw - 1 Medium
Cheddar Cheese - 1 Cubic-inch
D Salad Dressing, French, Diet – 2 Oz
Sloppy Joes - 1 Serving; Cauliflower, Frozen - 1/2 Cup
Iceberg Lettuce, Raw - 4 Oz
ES Cantaloupe, Raw - 1 Wedge
Milk, Cow's, Nonfat, Nfms, Vit-a (skim) - 1 Cup
1159 Calories(kcal); 84 Protein(g); 160 Carbs(g);
24 Fat(g); 11 Sat Fat(g); 105 Cholest(mg);
16 Fiber(g); 1674 Sodium(mg)
 Wednesday
BR English Muffin, Plain-1 Serving
Milk, Cow’s, Nonfat, Nfms, Vit-a (skim) – 4 Fl Oz
MS Cottage Cheese, 1% Fat-2 Oz
Kiwifruit, Raw – 1 Medium
L Turkey Sandwich – 1 Serving
AS Salad Dressing, 1000 Island, Diet – 1 Tbsp
Carrot, Baby, Raw – 4 Oz
D Pasta, Kale And Chickpeas – 1 Serving
ES Diabetic Baked Banana – 1 Serving
1205 Calories(kcal); 73 Protein(g);
170 Carbs(g); 31 Fat(g);
7 Sat Fat(g); 81 cholest(mg);
22 fiber(g); 1310 sodium(mg)
 Thursday
BR Milk, Cow’s Nonfat, Vit-a (skim) – 1 Cup
Blackberry, Raw – ½ cup All-Bran. Rte – 1 Cup

MS Fruit Smoothie – 1 Serving

L Spinach Pasta With Olive Oil – 1 Serving
Zucchini With skin, Boiled, No Salt – 1 Cup
AS Celery, Raw – 2 Medium Stalk
D Turnip Greens, Boiled, No Salt – 1 Cup
Beef Tenderloin – 1 Serving
Brown Rice, Long Grain, Cooked – 1 Cup
ES Cottage Cheese, 1% Fat – 2 Oz
Mixed Fruit, Dried – ½ Oz
1258 Calories(kcal); 67 Protein(g); 177
Carbs(g); 40 Fat(g); 16 Sat Fat(g); 101
cholest(mg); 41 fiber(g); 1002 sodium(mg)
 Friday
BR Milk, Cow’s Nonfat, Vit-a (skim) – 1/2 Cup
Puffed Wheat, Fortified, Rte – 1 Oz
MS Yogurt, Strawberry, Nonfat – 8 Oz
L Salmon Pasta Salad – 1 Serving
AS Carrot, Baby, Raw – 4 Oz
Salad Dressing, French, Diet – 1 Tsp
D Asparagus, Boiled – ½ Cup
Beef Roast Au Jus – 1 Serving
Polenta – ½ Serving
ES Banana, Raw – 1 Medium
1218 Calories(kcal); 70 Protein(g); 163
Carbs(g); 34 Fat(g); 9 Sat Fat(g); 118
cholest(mg); 13 fiber(g); 953 sodium(mg)
 Saturday
BR Milk, Cow’s Nonfat, Vit-a (skim) – 1/2 Cup
Special K, Rte – ½ Cup
MS Carrot, Raw – 1 Cup
Salad Dressing, French, Diet – 1 Oz
L Enchilada Vegetable Wrap – 1 Serving
AS Apple, Raw – 1 Medium
D Fish With Tomatoes – 1 Serving
Spaghetti Pasta, Cooked, Enriched – 1 Cup
ES Watermelon, Raw – 1 Cup
1238 Calories(kcal); 61 Protein(g); 174 Carbs(g); 36
Fat(g); 14 Sat Fat(g); 98 cholest(mg); 17 fiber(g);
1301 sodium(mg)
 Eating healthy foods
Avoid simple sugars like cakes and chocolates. Instead
have complex carbohydrates like rice, pasta, cereals and
fresh fruits.
 Do not skip or delay meals. It causes fluctuations in
blood sugar levels.
Eat more fiber-rich foods like vegetables.

 Cut down on your salt intake. Limit table salt, or flavor

intensifiers that contain salt, such as monosodium glutamate
(MSG).

 Avoid alcohol. Dietary guidelines recommend no more

than two drinks for men and no more than one drink per
day for women.
 Increase fluids especially H2O

 Cut down on fatty foods. Avoid frying food. Fried food

absorbs the fats from the cooking oils, increasing your
dietary fat intake. Instead, bake or broil food. If you do
fry, use polyunsaturated oils.

 Low cholesterol diet

Do not eat meat more than once a day. Eat fish and
poultry more often than red or processed meats because
they are less fattening.
 Do not eat more than 4 eggs per week. Although
they are a good source of protein, and they're low in
saturated fat, eggs are very high in cholesterol.
 Choose fresh fruit for dessert, rather than cookies,
cake, or pudding.
Exercising regularly and maintaining a
healthy weight

Regular exercise is an important

part of diabetes control.

Daily exercise . . .

* Improves cardiovascular fitness

* Helps insulin to work better and
lower blood sugar
* Lowers blood pressure and
cholesterol levels
* Reduces body fat and controls
body weight

Always carry quick sugar sources

like candy or softdrink to avoid
hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
during and after exercise.