c
 c 


 „

 

„

  is the introduction of

contaminants into a natural
environment that causes instability,
disorder, harm or discomfort to
the ecosystem i.e. physical systems
or living organisms.
 p
 


 
x?ir Pollution
xWater Pollution
xThermal Pollution
xSoil Pollution
xRadioactive Pollution
 ?


 

Êmbalance in the quality of air so as

to cause adverse affects on the
living organisms existing on earth.
6   


 
ë

 

x olcanic eruptions
x Forest fires
x Pollen grains of flowers
Ú 
 

x Êncrease in pollution
x Deforestation
x Burning of fossil fuels and fires
x Emission from vehicles
x Rapid industrialization
x Wars
 6 
 
Ú Removal of pollutants
Ú Reduce sulphur content before burning
Ú se of energy sources other than fossil fuels
Ú
egal measures from authorities
Ú Êncreased planting of vegetation
  „

 
Ú ontamination of water by addition of
undesirable organic, inorganic or biological
substances to water sources
Ú atural sources: soil erosion, leaching of
minerals from of rocks and decay matter.
Ú Êndustrial effluents
Ú Destroys ecosystem and effects human health
¦   


 
^ ommunity waste waters
^ Êndustrial wastes
^ ?gricultural sources
^ nder ground water pollution
^ arine pollution
^ Thermal pollution
 6 
  


 
^ Treatment of garbage and sewage.
^ hemical treatment.
^ Reduction of temperature of waste water.
^ inimize the use of non - degradable
pesticides.
^ Proper enactment of laws by government.
 ¦ 



 
^ ndesirable change in the physical,
chemical or biological property
which adversely affects its
productivity
^ aused by dumping of wastes,
agrochemicals and as indirect result
of air pollution
¦  ¦ 
„

 

^ Domestic wastes
^ ?gricultural wastes
^ Êndustrial wastes
^ Excretory products
^ Salination
6 
  



 
^ Proper disposal of industrial and
agricultural wastes
^ Recycling and recovery of materials
^ inimize the manufacture and use of
chemical fertilizers
^ Reduce the use of pesticides

  


 
^ Physical pollution that affects air, water and
soil. aused by ionizing radiations of harmful
nature emitted from disintegrating atomic
nuclei.
^ The natural sources include cosmic rays that
reaches the earth surface and radiations from
radium 224, uranium 235 thorium 232 etc
  
 
^ uclear weapons
^ Reactors and uclear fuel
^ Waste waters containing these wastes
^
-rays used in medical practices
^ ltra violet rays present in solar radiations
 c
^ utation
^ ancer
^ Radioactive substances in food chain cause
retarded growth and bone cancer.
^ Êncreases infant mortality rate
 6 
 
^ Prevention of leakage of radioactive elements
from nuclear reactors.
^ Proper storage and disposal of nuclear wastes
^ Regular monitoring
^ Êncreasing the use of non harmful energy
sources
 ‘ 


 
^ nwanted high pitch sound that pollutes the
environment.
^ aximum tolerable intensity of sound is 85
decibels
^ The main sources are automobiles, aero
planes, loudspeakers, industries and other
electro-mechanical devices.
c  


 
^ Damage to ear drum and impairment to
hearing.
^ Damages heart, liver and brain
^ Emotional disturbances and behavioral
changes
^
eads to anxiety and stress
 6 
 
^ Design machines with minimum sound
^ Proper lubrication maintenance of machines
and installation of silencers.
^ se of sound absorbing materials
^ se of noise protective devices
 p
„

 

The term thermal pollution has been

used to indicate the detrimental
effects of heated effluents
discharged by various power plants.
6


 

xuclear power plants

xoal fired power plants
xÊndustrial effluents
xDomestic sewage
 6  


xooling towers
xooling ponds
x?rtificial lakes