PHY 143

PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERING 1

SITI AZLINA ROSLI (MISS)

(PHYSICS)
Department of Applied Science (JSG)
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Campus of Pulau Pinang
SYSTEM OF
UNITS
CHAPTER 1
COURSE OBJECTIVES

 Able to define what is a physical quantity.

 Able to list the basic and derived quantities.
 Able to derive the units for basic and
derived quantities.
 Able to convert units of physical quantity
between SI and non-SI units
 Able to conduct dimensional analysis for
basic and derived quantities.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

 Fundamental Quantities
 Derived Quantities
 Units
 Prefixes
 Dimensional Analysis
 BASIC DERIVED
QUANTITIES QUANTITIES

 The simplest form of  Derived from the

physical quantities combination of one or
 Five fundamental more fundamental
quantities: quantities.
i. Length (m)  Examples:
ii. Mass (kg) i. area (m2),
iii. Time (s) ii. Volume (m3)
iv. Temperature (K) iii. Speed (ms-1)
iv. Acceleration (ms-2)
v. electric current (A) force, pressure, etc.
 DEFINITIONS
 Length – A meter is the distance light travels in
vacuum during 1/299,792,458 seconds

 Time – A second is the duration of 9,192,631,770

periods of a certain vibration of a cesium atom
isotope(133Cs)

 Mass – A kilogram is the mass of a particular cylinder

of platinum-iridium alloy kept in France.

 Electric current – An ampere is the current flowing

through two parallel conductors a meter apart and
having a attractive force per meter of 2π x 10-7 Nm-1
between the conductors.

 Temperature – One Kelvin is 1/273.16 of the triple

point thermodynamic temperature of water.
EXAMPLES OF DERIVED QUANTITIES

FUNDAMENTAL COMBINATION OF DERIVED

QUANTITIES QUANTITIES QUANTITIES
Length (Length)2 Area (m2)

Length (Length)3 Volume (m3)

Length, time Length/time Speed (ms-1)

Length, time Length/(time)2 Acceleration (ms-2)

Length, mass Mass/(length)3 Density (kgm-3)

Current, time Current/time Electric charge

Length, mass, time (Mass x Force (kgms-2)

time)/(time)2
 A way of writing numbers that accommodates values
too large or small to be conveniently written in standard
decimal notation
In scientific notation, numbers are written in the form:

Example:
An electron’s mass is about
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 910 938 22
kg.
In scientific notation, this is written 9.1093822×10−31 kg.
 UNITS
 Physical quantities measured by using units
 1960 – General Conference on Weights and
Measures decided on a universal system of unit
called the International System or SI (for
Syste`me International) based on the metric
system, mks (meter,kilogram,second)
QUANTITIES UNIT SYMBOL
length meter m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
temperature Kelvin K
Electric current Ampere A
density kilogram/meter3 kgm-3
speed meter/second ms-1
 SYSTEMS OF UNIT

 mks (metric system) – meter ,kilogram,second

 cgs (derived from metric system) –
centimeter,gram,second
1 m = 100 cm : 1 kg = 1000 g
 fps (British Engineering System) – foot,
pound,second
1 ft = 12 in : 1 in = 2.54 cm
1 kg of mass has the same weight as 2.2 lb
1 slug = 14.5939 kg
 PREFIXES
 Used to simplify big numbers
 Replace powers of ten

POWER PREFIX ABBREV.

x 10-12 pico p
x 10-9 nano n

x 10-6 micro
x 10-3 milli m
x 10-2 centi c
x 103 kilo k
x 106 Mega M
x 109 Giga G
x 1012 Tera T
 PREFIXES
 2000 m = 2 x 103 m = 2 km
 0.005 m = 5 x 10-3 m = 5 mm
 45 000 000 bytes = 45 x 106 bytes
 = 45 Mbytes
 0.00000008 s = 80 x 10-9 s = 80 ns
 40 M.mall = 40 x 106 mall
 200 mA = 200 x 10-3 A
 One system of unit to another
One prefix to another

Single unit Multiple unit

Power of 1 Power of n

Same physical quantities !!!

Simple & easy method of rational no !!!
Conversion Factor !!!
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 Conversion Factor [CF]
= numerical factor used to multiply or divide a
quantity, expressed in one set of units

Steps involve in the process of conversion:

 Write in the form of a ratio (rational method) -

mathematical operation
 Apply CF
 The unit (CF) located at the side that opposite
to the previous unit
 ‘cancelled off’ when multiplication is
performed, leaving only the desired units to
describe the answer
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 CONVERSION OF UNITS
 3 km = ? m
 1 km = 1000 m
 3 km = 3 x 1000 m
= 3000 m
or 3 km = 3 km x 1000 m
1 km
= 3000 m
 CONVERSION OF UNITS
 45 cm = ? km

 1m  1km 
45 cm  45 cm x   
 100 cm  1000 m 
5
45 cm  45x10 km
4
45 cm  4.5x10 km
 CONVERSION OF UNITS
 35 km.hr-1 = ? m.s-1

35 km 35 km  1000 m  1hr  1min 

    
1 hr 1hr  1 km  60 min  60 s 
35 km  35x1000  m
 
1hr  60x60  s
1 1
35 km.hr  9.72 ms
 CONVERSION OF UNITS
 20 kg.m-3 = ? g.cm-3
3
20kg 20kg  1000 g   1m 
3
 3   
1m 1m  1kg   100cm 
20kg 20kg  1000 g   1m 
3

 3  
1m 3
1m  1kg   100cm  3

20kg  20 x1000  g
3
  3
1m  100 x100 x100  cm
20kg.m 3  2 x102 g.cm 3
Exercise 1.1

Convert:
1. 20 µm to m
2. 7.9 gcm-3 to kgm-3
3. 15 s to ps
4. 30 mm2 to nm2
5. 10 ms-2 to cms-2
6. 13 in to m
7. 8.5 ft to mm
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Exercise 1.2
1. Calculate the volume of a sphere of radius 10
cm in:
i. mm3
ii. pm3
iii. m3
2. The density of hydrogen gas is 0.095 x 10-3
gcm-3. State this value in:
i. kgm-3
ii. mgmm-3
iii. kgcm-3

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Answer / Exercise 1.2

1. 20 x 10-6 m
2. 7900 kgm-3
3. 1.5 x 1013 ps
4. 3 x 1013 nm2
5. 1 x 103cms-2
6. 0.3302 m
7. 2590.8 mm

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 Thank You…
Coming up next :
KINEMATICS IN ONE
DIMENSION

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