RADIOGRAPHY

Dr. E. Qirreish BDS,MSc(Dent) Max.fac. &Oral Rad.

Periapical radiograph


Two tech: Parallel tech. Bisecting angle tech.

 

Bisecting the angle technique

Principle:

on the age old theorem, Ciezynskis rule of isometry which states that to triangles are equal when they share a common side and have 2 equal angles.
Based

by placing the film as close as possible to the lingual surfaces of the teeth, resting on palate or floor of the mouth.

Applied

The planes of The film and the long access of the teeth form an angle, when this angle is bisected by imaginary line 2 equal angles are formed and a common side, the third line of the both triangles are formed by the central rays which pass perpendicular to the imaginary bisecting line.

So that the principle applied to the intraintraoral radiographic film is that: the central ray must pass through the apex of the tooth, perpendicular to the imaginary line bisecting the angle formed by the mean plane of the film and the long axis of the tooth

Thumb or forefinger are used to support the film from the lingual surface. This have several drawbacks: Unnecessary radiation to patients finger. Bending of film by using excessive force. Slipping of he film without operator s know kedge.

  

Note: artery forceps are better in use instead of the thumb or forefingers in the situations where there is no device to hold the film in the position .

Procedure
     

Preparation Patient position Film placement Tube head angulation Central ray Exposure factors

Patients Position


Head should be upright, midsagittal plane should be perpendicular to the floor and occlusal plane parallel to the floor. AlaAla-tragus (corpus) line should be parallel to the floor when the maxillary projection is taken. Mandibular occlusal plane should be parallel to the floor when the mandibular projection is taken.

Film Placement


The stippled side toward the tube. The incisal or occlusal edge of the film should be positioned against the teeth with the edge of the film extending just beyond the teeth.

Tube Head
 

Horizontal Angulation: at the right angle of the buccal surface of the teeth in the region of interest. The central ray to the contacts of these teeth Vertical Angulation: perpendicular to the imaginary bisecting line, but be carfull that this method are not so accurate with multi-rooted teeth as it is not 2 multidimensional structure.

 

Following chart can be used for general guide:

Projection Incisors Canine Premolar Molar

maxillary +60 +45 +30 +20

mandible -15 -20 -10 -5

Central Rays


X-ray beam is directed through the centre of the area to be radiographed. The apices are used as a guide to the point of enetry. In the maxilla the apices are approximately at the level of the corpus line, and in the mandible above the lower border by 15mm.

Exposure factors
  

6565- 70 kVp 10 mA Time according to different teeth.

ERRORS of Bisecting Angle Tech???? Presentation.

THANK YOU