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Mueen Aslam Waqas Arif Butt Rao Muhammad Ahmed Usman Amir Butt Junaid Ajmal
TYPES OF WAVES
Longitudinal waves
TYPES OF WAVES
Transverse waves
TYPES OF TIDES
Spring Tides
TYPES OF TIDES
Neap Tides
WAVE ENERGY
Wave energy is the transport of energy by ocean waves and capture of that energy to do useful work.
TIDAL ENERGY
Tidal energy is the energy that could be obtained from the changing of sea levels.
Wave Energy
Introduction
Waves are created by the gravitational action of sun and the moon and also by the interaction of wind with the surface of the sea. Wave power is practically inexhaustible and classified as a renewable energy source. Wave energy can be extracted and converted into electricity by wave power machines. They can be deployed either on the shoreline or in deeper waters offshore.
1.Float or Pitching Device or buoyant moored device 2.Oscillating Water Columns (OWC) 3.Hinged contour device
An oscillating water column is a partially submerged, hollow structure that is installed in the ocean. It is open to the sea below the water line, enclosing a column of air on top of a column of water. Waves cause the water column to rise and fall, which in turn compresses and depresses the air column.
This trapped air is allowed to flow to and from the atmosphere via a Wells turbine, which has the ability to rotate in the same direction regardless of the direction of the airflow. The rotation of the turbine is used to generate electricity.
Here, the resistance to the waves is created by the alternate motion of the waves, which raises and lowers different sections of the machine relative to each other, pushing hydraulic fluid through hydraulic pumps to generate electricity. A hinged contour device is able to operate at greater depths than the buoyant moored device.
These shoreline devices, also called "tapered channel" systems, rely on a shore-mounted structure to channel and concentrate the waves, driving them into an elevated reservoir. Water flow out of this reservoir is used to generate electricity, using standard hydropower technologies. The main problem with wave power is that the sea is a very harsh, unforgiving environment.
An economically-viable wave power machine will need to generate power over a wide range of wave sizes, as well as being able to withstand the largest and most severe storms and other potential problems such as algae, barnacles and corrosion.
Tidal Energy
TIDAL ENERGY
What is tidal energy? Tidal power is the power of electricity achieved by capturing the energy contained in moving water mass due to tides
TIDEL ENERGY
Tidal power work like a hydro-electric scheme expect that the dam is much bigger. 1). A huge dam called a barrage is built across a river. When the tides goes in & out the water flow through tunnels in the dam. 2). The flow of tides can be used to run a turbine. 3). Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations.
Tides are generated by the combination of moon & sun gravitational force. Greater affect in spring when moon and sun combine forces Bays and inlets amplify the height of tide. In order to be practically for energy production the height difference needs to be at least 5 meters. Overall potential of 3000 gaga watts from movement of tides.
1) First generation barrage-style tidal plants. 2) Works by building barrage to contain water after high tide then water has to pass through a turbine to return to low tide. 3) Sites in France, Canada & Russia
Tidal power can be generated by three methods 1) Tidal stream generator 2) Tidal Barrage 3) Dynamic tidal power
Tidal Barrage
Tidal barrage is a dam like structure used to capture the energy from masses of water moving in and out of a bay or river due to tidal forces. Instead of damaging water on one side like a conventional dam a tidal barrage first allow water to flow into bay or river during high tide and releasing water back during low tide.
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ADVANTAGES
No Pollution Renewable energy More efficient that wind because of the density of water
DISADVANTAGES
Presently costly Expensive to build and maintain Technology is not fully developed To produce 1085 MW, 1.2 million dollars to construct and run connection to the grid.
Fossil fuels: Anaerobic decomposition of organisms Solar Power Light coming from sun converts into energy. Nuclear Power Energy from nuclear reaction. Such as Fission reaction. Hydroelectricity Energy obtained from water. Biomass Energy from waste. Wave & Tidal Energy Moving water mass from tides.
Advantages
A much greater extent of power is concentrated in the motion of waves than in the movement of air. Whereas the power density at a good wind energy site may be of the order of a few square meter, the power density in a corresponding area of wave motion may be up to 100 times greater. It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste. It needs no fuel.
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Advantages ..
Wave energy has this advantage over wind or solar energy that the energy has been naturally concentrated by accumulation overtime and space and transported from the point at which it was originally present in the winds. It produces electricity reliably. It is free and renewable energy source.
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Advantages ..
These devices are relatively pollution free, and because they remove energy from the waves, the water is left.
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Disadvantages
The major disadvantage of wave energy, as compared to wind, is that the energy is available in the ocean. Therefore the extraction equipment must operate in a marine environment which will have to be taken into account during its construction and its maintenance ,lifetime and reliability should be considered since the energy may have to be transported through a great distance to the shore.
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Disadvantages
There is relative scarcity of accessible sites of large wave activity. Wave energy conversion devices that have been proposed are relatively complicated . Economic factors such as the capital investment, costs of maintenance, repair and replacement as well as problems of biological growth of marine organisms which seem to be very large, are all relatively unknown.
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Disadvantages
Wave energy converters must be capable of withstanding very severe peak stresses in storm.
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Summarization
Energy Wave Energy Tidal Energy Renewable and non-renewable sources Preference of renewable Tidal stream generator Tidal Barrage Salter Duck PELAMIS
Advantages 1. Environmental friendly 2. Better than wind due to high density of water 3. Best for onshore areas Disadvantages 1. Location problem 2. Less efficient 3. Expansive to build and maintain
CONCLUSION
Tidal Energy can be focused as an alternate source of Energy in Pakistan Tidal Power alone cannot fulfills complete demand however can be helpful to overcome the problem of shortage. Development of tidal Energy plants at Pakistan Coast could uplift socio-economic conditions of costal population of Pakistan
CONCLUSION
170Km available stream system of Indus Delta Flow of water with high velocity during flood in stream system National Institute of Oceanography says sea water rises up to 80 meters at some places due to tidal fluctuations 2-5 meters tidal heights at Korangi stream and over 5 meters at Sir Creek can produce 1100KW Power.
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