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renewable energy source

presenting

WAVE & TIDAL ENERGY

    

Mueen Aslam Waqas Arif Butt Rao Muhammad Ahmed Usman Amir Butt Junaid Ajmal

History of Wave Energy


 In 1799 by Girard and his Son gave idea  In1910 in Paris by Bochaux Praceique  In 1973 by Stephen Salter , Johan Falnes and Michael E. etc.

History of Tidal Energy


 In 900 AD. People used this energy for grinding grains.  In 12th Century mills were used in France and England.  1st commercial tidal power plant was used in 1960. It is producing 240 M Watt.  2nd commercial tidal power plant was used in 1982.It is producing 200 M Watt.

What is Wave? TYPES OF WAVES


 

Longitudinal waves Transverse waves

TYPES OF WAVES

 Longitudinal waves

TYPES OF WAVES

 Transverse waves

WAVE AND TIDAL ENERGY

What are Tides?

TYPES OF TIDES

 Spring Tides

TYPES OF TIDES

 Neap Tides

TYPES OF OCEAN ENERGY

 Wave energy  Tidal energy

WAVE ENERGY
Wave energy is the transport of energy by ocean waves and capture of that energy to do useful work.

TIDAL ENERGY
Tidal energy is the energy that could be obtained from the changing of sea levels.

Wave Energy

Introduction

Waves are created by the gravitational action of sun and the moon and also by the interaction of wind with the surface of the sea. Wave power is practically inexhaustible and classified as a renewable energy source. Wave energy can be extracted and converted into electricity by wave power machines. They can be deployed either on the shoreline or in deeper waters offshore.

Wave Energy Generating Devices

1.Float or Pitching Device or buoyant moored device 2.Oscillating Water Columns (OWC) 3.Hinged contour device

1.Float or Pitching Device or buoyant moored device


The device floats on or just below the surface of the water and is moored to the sea floor. A wave power machine needs to resist the motion of the waves in order to generate power: part of the machine needs to move while another part remains still. In this type of device, the mooring is static and is arranged in such a way that the waves motion will move only one part of the machine. Electricity is generated from the bobbing or pitching action of a floating object which can be mounted to a floating raft or to a device fixed on the ocean floor.

2.Oscillating Water Columns (OWC)

An oscillating water column is a partially submerged, hollow structure that is installed in the ocean. It is open to the sea below the water line, enclosing a column of air on top of a column of water. Waves cause the water column to rise and fall, which in turn compresses and depresses the air column.

Oscillating Water Columns (OWC)..

This trapped air is allowed to flow to and from the atmosphere via a Wells turbine, which has the ability to rotate in the same direction regardless of the direction of the airflow. The rotation of the turbine is used to generate electricity.

3.Hinged counter device

Here, the resistance to the waves is created by the alternate motion of the waves, which raises and lowers different sections of the machine relative to each other, pushing hydraulic fluid through hydraulic pumps to generate electricity. A hinged contour device is able to operate at greater depths than the buoyant moored device.

Hinged counter device

These shoreline devices, also called "tapered channel" systems, rely on a shore-mounted structure to channel and concentrate the waves, driving them into an elevated reservoir. Water flow out of this reservoir is used to generate electricity, using standard hydropower technologies. The main problem with wave power is that the sea is a very harsh, unforgiving environment.

Hinged counter device

An economically-viable wave power machine will need to generate power over a wide range of wave sizes, as well as being able to withstand the largest and most severe storms and other potential problems such as algae, barnacles and corrosion.

Tidal Energy

TIDAL ENERGY

What is tidal energy? Tidal power is the power of electricity achieved by capturing the energy contained in moving water mass due to tides

TIDEL ENERGY

Tidal power work like a hydro-electric scheme expect that the dam is much bigger. 1). A huge dam called a barrage is built across a river. When the tides goes in & out the water flow through tunnels in the dam. 2). The flow of tides can be used to run a turbine. 3). Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations.

Energy Form Moon

Tides are generated by the combination of moon & sun gravitational force. Greater affect in spring when moon and sun combine forces Bays and inlets amplify the height of tide. In order to be practically for energy production the height difference needs to be at least 5 meters. Overall potential of 3000 gaga watts from movement of tides.

Energy Form Moon

How its Works

1) First generation barrage-style tidal plants. 2) Works by building barrage to contain water after high tide then water has to pass through a turbine to return to low tide. 3) Sites in France, Canada & Russia

Methods Of Generating Tidal Energy

Tidal power can be generated by three methods 1) Tidal stream generator 2) Tidal Barrage 3) Dynamic tidal power

Tidal Barrage

Tidal barrage is a dam like structure used to capture the energy from masses of water moving in and out of a bay or river due to tidal forces. Instead of damaging water on one side like a conventional dam a tidal barrage first allow water to flow into bay or river during high tide and releasing water back during low tide.

How Tidal Power Works

How Tidal Power works

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ADVANTAGES

No Pollution Renewable energy More efficient that wind because of the density of water

DISADVANTAGES

Presently costly Expensive to build and maintain Technology is not fully developed To produce 1085 MW, 1.2 million dollars to construct and run connection to the grid.

Alternative sources of Energy

Alternative sources of energy

Fossil fuels: Anaerobic decomposition of organisms Solar Power Light coming from sun converts into energy. Nuclear Power Energy from nuclear reaction. Such as Fission reaction. Hydroelectricity Energy obtained from water. Biomass Energy from waste. Wave & Tidal Energy Moving water mass from tides.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
A much greater extent of power is concentrated in the motion of waves than in the movement of air. Whereas the power density at a good wind energy site may be of the order of a few square meter, the power density in a corresponding area of wave motion may be up to 100 times greater. It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste. It needs no fuel.
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Advantages ..

Wave energy has this advantage over wind or solar energy that the energy has been naturally concentrated by accumulation overtime and space and transported from the point at which it was originally present in the winds. It produces electricity reliably. It is free and renewable energy source.

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Advantages ..

These devices are relatively pollution free, and because they remove energy from the waves, the water is left.

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Disadvantages

The major disadvantage of wave energy, as compared to wind, is that the energy is available in the ocean. Therefore the extraction equipment must operate in a marine environment which will have to be taken into account during its construction and its maintenance ,lifetime and reliability should be considered since the energy may have to be transported through a great distance to the shore.
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Disadvantages

There is relative scarcity of accessible sites of large wave activity. Wave energy conversion devices that have been proposed are relatively complicated . Economic factors such as the capital investment, costs of maintenance, repair and replacement as well as problems of biological growth of marine organisms which seem to be very large, are all relatively unknown.
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Disadvantages

Wave energy converters must be capable of withstanding very severe peak stresses in storm.

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Summarization

 Energy  Wave Energy  Tidal Energy  Renewable and non-renewable sources  Preference of renewable  Tidal stream generator  Tidal Barrage  Salter Duck  PELAMIS

 Advantages 1. Environmental friendly 2. Better than wind due to high density of water 3. Best for onshore areas  Disadvantages 1. Location problem 2. Less efficient 3. Expansive to build and maintain

 Tidal and wave plants in the WORLD


These plants are working in: France Canada England South Africa

 Tidal and wave power plant in PAKISTAN


1. Guddu Barrage 2. Work in progress in GHARO,KETI BANDAR and BIN QASIM

CONCLUSION

Tidal Energy can be focused as an alternate source of Energy in Pakistan Tidal Power alone cannot fulfills complete demand however can be helpful to overcome the problem of shortage. Development of tidal Energy plants at Pakistan Coast could uplift socio-economic conditions of costal population of Pakistan

CONCLUSION

170Km available stream system of Indus Delta Flow of water with high velocity during flood in stream system National Institute of Oceanography says sea water rises up to 80 meters at some places due to tidal fluctuations 2-5 meters tidal heights at Korangi stream and over 5 meters at Sir Creek can produce 1100KW Power.

Any Question?

THANKS A LOT

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