VALVES

GATE VALVE
A gate valve is a valve that opens by lifting a round or rectangular gate out of the path of the fluid Gate valves are sometimes used for regulating flow, but many are not suited for that purpose, having been designed to be fully opened or closed

GATE VALVE When fully open, the typical gate valve has no obstruction in the flow path, resulting in very low friction loss.

GATE VALVE

GATE VALVE

GLOBE VALVE A globe valve is a linear motion valve used to stop, start, and regulate fluid flow.

GLOBE

GLOBE

NON RETURN VALVE Check valves are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system. These valves are activated by the flowing material in the pipeline. The pressure of the fluid passing through the system opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve.

NON RETURN VALVE Closure is accomplished by the weight of the check mechanism, by back pressure, by a spring, or by a combination of these means. The general types of check valves are swing, tilting-disk, piston, butterfly, and stop. A swing check valve is normally recommended for use in systems employing gate valves of the low pressure drop across the valve.

SWING CHECK NON RETURN VALVE

SWING CHECK NON RETURN VALVE The disk lifts off of the seat to open the valve As flow decreases, the disk starts closing and seals before reverse flow occurs

PISTON LIFT NON RETURN VALVE

SAFETY VALVE Relief valves are typically used for incompressible fluids such as water or oil. Safety valves are typically used for compressible fluids such as steam or other gases.

SAFETY VALVE System pressure provides a force that is attempting to push the disk of the safety valve off its seat. Spring pressure on the stem is forcing the disk onto the seat. At the pressure determined by spring compression, system pressure overcomes spring pressure and the relief valve opens

SAFETY VALVE As system pressure is relieved, the valve closes when spring pressure again overcomes system pressure. Most relief and safety valves open against the force of a compression spring. The pressure setpoint is adjusted by turning the adjusting nuts on top of the yoke to increase or decrease the spring compression

BUTTERFLY VALVE A butterfly valve, is a rotary motion valve that is used to stop, regulate, and start fluid flow. Butterfly valves are easily and quickly operated because a 90o rotation of the handle moves the disk from a fully closed to fully opened position

BUTTERFLY VALVE Larger butterfly valves are actuated by hand wheels connected to the stem through gears that provide mechanical advantage at the expense of speed. Butterfly valves are used in large diameter Condenser Cooling Water Pipe lines.

BUTTERFLY VALVE

BALL VALVE A ball valve is a rotational motion valve that uses a ball-shaped disk to stop or start fluid flow. When the valve handle is turned to open the valve, the ball rotates to a point where the hole through the ball is in line with the valve body inlet and outlet. When the valve is shut, the ball is rotated so that the hole is perpendicular to the flow openings of the valve body and the flow is stopped. Ball Valves are typically used for air service

BALL VALVE

BALL VALVE

THREE WAY VALVES Three way valves are used for On line Calibration of Pressure Gauges mounted in pipe lines.

THREE WAY VALVES

STEAM TRAPS Steam traps are installed in steam lines to drain condensate from the lines without allowing the escape of steam. Steam trap consists of a valve and a device or arrangement that causes the valve to open and close as necessary to drain the condensate from piping without allowing the escape of steam

BALL FLOAT TYPE STEAM TRAP

BALL FLOAT TYPE STEAM TRAP

The valve of this trap is connected to the float in such a way that the valve opens when the float rises. When the trap is in operation, the steam and any water that may be mixed with it flows into the float chamber. The water, being heavier than the steam, falls to the bottom of the trap, causing the water level to rise. As the water level rises, it lifts the float; thus lifting the valve plug and opening the valve

BALL FLOAT TYPE STEAM TRAP The condensate drains out and the float moves down to a lower position, closing the valve before the condensate level gets low enough to allow steam to escape The condensate that passes out of the trap is returned to the feed system.

INVERTED BUCKET TYPE STEAM TRAP

INVERTED BUCKET TYPE STEAM TRAP

As condensate enters the trap body, the bucket floats. The valve is connected to the bucket in such a way that the valve closes as the bucket rises. As condensate continues to flow into the trap body, the valve remains closed until the bucket is full.

INVERTED BUCKET TYPE STEAM TRAP When the bucket is full, it sinks and thus opens the valve. The valve remains open until enough condensate has passed out to allow the bucket to float, and closing the valve.

THERMODYNAMIC STEAM TRAP

The trap operates by means of the dynamic effect of flash steam as it passes through the trap On start-up, incoming pressure raises the disc, and cool condensate plus air is immediately discharged from the inner ring, under the disc, and out through three peripheral outlets

THERMODYNAMIC STEAM TRAP

Hot condensate flowing through the inlet passage into the chamber under the disc drops in pressure and releases flash steam moving at high velocity. This high velocity creates a low pressure area under the disc, drawing it towards its seat

THERMODYNAMIC STEAM TRAP At the same time, the flash steam pressure builds up inside the chamber above the disc, forcing it down against the incoming condensate until it seats on the inner and outer rings At this point, the flash steam is trapped in the upper chamber, and the pressure above the disc equals the pressure being applied to the underside of the disc from the inner ring.

THERMODYNAMIC STEAM TRAP However, the top of the disc is subject to a greater force than the underside, as it has a greater surface area Eventually the trapped pressure in the upper chamber falls as the flash steam condenses. The disc is raised by the now higher condensate pressure and the cycle repeats

VALVE MATERIALS
Carbon Steel (Cast Steel normally for sizes greater than 2 inches) SA216WCB (Eq to SA106GrB Pipe) SA216WCC (Eq to SA106GrC Pipe) Alloy Steel (Cast Steel normally for sizes greater than 2 inches) SA217WC6 (Eq to SA335P11 Pipe) SA217WC9 (Eq to SA335P22 Pipe) SA217C12 (Eq to SA335P91 Pipe) Stainless Steel (Cast Steel normally for sizes greater than 2 inches) SA351-CF8M (Eq to Stainless Steel Pipe)

VALVE MATERIALS
Carbon Steel (Forged Steel normally for sizes less than or equal to 2 inches) SA105 (Eq to SA106GrB / SA106GrC Pipe) Alloy Steel (Cast Steel normally for sizes greater than 2 inches) SA182F11 (Eq to SA335P11 Pipe) SA182F22 (Eq to SA335P22 Pipe) SA182F91 (Eq to SA335P91 Pipe) Stainless Steel (Cast Steel normally for sizes greater than 2 inches) SA182F316 (Eq to Stainless Steel Pipe)

VALVE TYPES OF OPERATION

HAND WHEEL

VALVE TYPES OF OPERATION

MOTOR OPERATED

VALVE TYPES OF OPERATION

SPRING LOADED

TYPES OF END CONNECTION TO THE PIPE

BUTT WELDED SOCKET WELDED SCREWED & THREADED FLANGED

FLANGED

SCREWED & THREADED

BUTT WELDED

SOCKET WELD

CLASS RATING OF VALVES

A Valve is specified by its Class rating Class ratings is based on Design Pressure and Design Temperature of the System. Corresponding to a particular Design Pressure and Design Temperature to which the system containing the valve is subjected to the Class Ratings can be found out from ASME B16.34 standard

CLASS RATING OF VALVES

Eg for a Boiler Feed Discharge Line, corresponding to a Design Pressure of 150 kg/sqcm and a Design Temperature of 115 deg C, the Class Rating is 1500. For a Auxiliary Steam Line corresponding to a Design Pressure of 20 kg/sqcm and Temperature of 250 deg C the Class Rating is 300

COMMONLY USED CLASS RATINGS IN BHEL

FORGED VALVES - (LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 2)

#800 , #1500 , #2500

CAST STEEL VALVES (GREATER THAN TO 2) # 150, # 300, # 600, # # 900, # 1500, #2500, #2750 ,# 2750 SPL

GENERAL GUIDELINES
High Pressure Steam Lines Class 1500 and above High Pressure Feed Discharge Lines Class 1500 and above. Auxiliary Steam Lines Class 300 Cooling Water and Low Pressure Lines Class 150