MOBILE TECNOLOGIES

What is mobile technology/computing?

 Collective term used to describe the various

types of cellular communication technology  A technology that allows transmission of data, via a computer or other devices, without having to be connected to a fixed physical link.

What is mobile technology/computing?

 Mobile voice communication is widely established

throughout the world and has had a very rapid increase in the number of subscribers to the various cellular networks over the last few years. An extension of this technology is the ability to send and receive data across these cellular networks. This is the principle of mobile computing.  Mobile data communication has become a very important and rapidly evolving technology as it allows users to transmit data from remote locations to other remote or fixed locations. This proves to be the solution to the biggest problem of business people on the move - mobility.

History of Mobile Technology

1910 Lars Ericsson the founder of Ericsson company in 1876 installed a telephone in his car. ..Access was not by radio, of course -- instead there were two long sticks, like fishing rods, handled by Hilda, his wife. She would hook them over a pair of telephone wires, seeking a pair that were free . . . When they were found, Lars Magnus would crank the dynamo handle of the telephone, which produced a signal to an operator in the nearest exchange." [Meurling andJeans] 1926 - Radio telephony first surfaced in Europe when luxury trains running from Hamburg to Berlin offered this service to customers. World War II saw the large scale use of this technology in the German Army s fleet of tanks.

History of Mobile Technology

1940s Motorola developed a backpacked two-way radio, the walkie talkie and later developed a large handheld two-way radio for the US military. 1950s - The beginning of radio telephony mobile phones that could actually be used by real people, instead of trained operators, and featured the ability to directly dial. Ships on the Rhine were among the first to use radio telephony with an untrained end customer as a user. In 1954 s blockbuster movie, Sabrina, Humphrey Bogart s character calls from a telephone in the back of a limousine.

History of Mobile Technology

1957 Young Soviet radio engineer Leonid Kupriyanovich created a portable mobile phone, name LK-1 or radiophone. This true mobile phone consisted of a relatively small-sized handset equipped with antenna and rotary dial, and communicated with a base station. The radiophone had 3kg of total weight. 1970 Amos E Joel invented an automatic call handoff system to allow mobile phones to move through several cell areas during a single conversation without loss of conversation.

History of Mobile Technology

FCC approved the proposal for cellular services for Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) and allocated frequencies in the 824 894 MHz band. 1990 Digital AMPs or GSM(Global Systems for Mobile Communication) superseded analog AMPS.

1982

3 Aspects of Mobile Technology

 Mobile communication -addresses communication

issues in ad-hoc and infrastructure networks as well as communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies  Mobile Hardware -focuses on the hardware, i.e. mobile devices or device components  Mobile Software - deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications

Mobile Communication
Generations of Mobile Communication
1G These are the analog cellphones standards that were introduced in the 80's and continued until being replaced by 2G digital cellphones.

2G
 It cannot normally transfer data, such as email or

software, other than the digital voice call itself, and other basic ancillary data such as time and date. Nevertheless, SMS messaging is also available as a form of data transmission for some standards.
 The most commonly used standard is GSM(Global

System for Mobile Communication)

 Used by over 1.5 billion people across 212 countries

and territories.
 This ubiquity means that subscribers can use their

phones throughout the world, enabled by international roaming arrangements between mobile network operators.  GSM also pioneered low-cost implementation of the short message service (SMS), also called text messaging

2.5G

 2.5G is a stepping stone between 2G

and 3G cellular wireless technologies. The term "second and a half generation" is used to describe 2Gsystems that have implemented a packet switched domain in addition to the circuit switched domain.  Commonly known 2.5G technique is GPRS(General Packet Radio Service) introduce in Release 97 of GSM standard.

2.75G

 2.75G is the term which has been

decided on for systems which don't meet the 3G requirements but are marketed as if they do or which do, just, meet the requirements but aren't strongly marketed as such.  Release 99 of the GSM standard introduced a higher speed data transmission using Enhanced Data Rates for GSM evolution(EDGE).

3G

 Also known as International Mobile

Telecommunications-2000 (IMT 2000) standard.  Allows simultaneous use of speech and data services, and provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbit/s according to the IMT-2000 specification.  Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.

3.5G

 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access

or HSDPA is a mobile telephony protocol.  HSDPA is a packet-based data service in W-CDMA downlink with data transmission up to 8-10 Mbit/s (and 20 Mbit/s for MIMO systems) over a 5MHz bandwidth in WCDMA downlink  HSDPA implementations includes Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), Multiple-Input MultipleOutput (MIMO), Hybrid Automatic Request (HARQ), fast cell search, and advanced receiver design.

4G

 High-speed mobile wireless access with a very high

data transmission speed, of the same order of magnitude as a local area network connection (10 Mbits/s and up).  It has been used to describe wireless LAN technologies like Wi-Fi, as well as other potential successors of the current 3G mobile telephone standards.  Pervasive networks. An amorphous and presently entirely hypothetical concept where the user can be simultaneously connected to several wireless access technologies and can seamlessly move between them.

Mobile Hardware
Types of devices used in mobile computing
 Wearable Computer  Personal Digital Assitants  Smartphones  Carputer  Ultra-mobile PC  Tablet PC  Internet Tablet  Ebook Readers

Mobile Device Components

Mobile CPUs
 CPU designed to save power.  Typically housed in smaller chip package.  In order to run cooler, uses lower voltage than

desktop CPUs.  Has more sleep mode capability in order to save battery life.

Mobile Device Components

Mobile CPUs - ARM
 Advanced RISC Machines. The relative simplicity of ARM processors made them suitable for low power applications. This has made them dominant in the mobile and embedded electronics market as relatively low cost and small microprocessors and microcontrollers.  In its lowest power state as ARM processor only consumes 1 mW, compared to Atom s 100 nW  ARM creates instruction sets.  Creates reference guides for processors that fit their instruction set.

Mobile Device Components

Mobile CPUs Intel
 The chip, codenamed Moorestown, will be extremely power efficient, yet pack enough computational muscle to enable features such as video conferencing and HD video  The Moorestown system-on-a-chip has three parts. The first is an Atom processor that combines the CPU core with 3-D graphics, video encoding, memory and display functions. The second is a controller hub that supports system-level tasks. The final piece is a mixed-signal integrated circuit that handles power delivery and battery charging.  This development will start the ARM vs Intel war.

Mobile Software
Operating Systems

Mobile Software
Mobile Applications