vlslL

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S eflnlLlons:
uno Scule- u sLrucLure wlLh uL leusL one dlmenslon less Lhun
nm
rug- A subsLunce lnLroduced lnLo Lhe bodv Lo ulLer funcLlonullLv
hls lncludes ProLelns, plusmld A, und so forLh
unv currenL dellverv svsLems flL Lhls descrlpLlon
Reseurch ls focused on munlpuluLlng sLrucLures uL Lhls scule Lo creuLe
drug-dellverv funcLlonullLv
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S e would llke Lo mlnlmlze slde effecLs whlle muxlmlzlng efflcucv- our
muln Lool ls Lo dlsLrlbuLlon
S ldeullv we would llke our dellverv svsLem Lo provlde:
ong clrculuLlon Llme
PresenL uL LurgeL ln sufflclenL ouunLlLv
o loss of efflcucv
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Smull purLlcles (< nm) ure losL Lo exLruvusuLlon (ubsorpLlon lnLo Llssue)
urge PurLlcles (>z nm) ure oulcklv cupLured und excreLed
PurLlcles beLween , und z nm show longesL clrculuLlon Llme
PurLlcles beLween und , nm peneLruLe cuplllurv vessels
S AcLlve urgeLlng
loucLlve subsLunces cun be Lrlggered Lo releuse drugs uL LurgeL ureu, proLecL
drug ln LrunslL from
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S urrlers
lood-ruln urrler
on-lonlzed, llpophlllc muLerluls
plLhellul |uncLlons ln skln
Cene LrunsfecLlon
urgeLlng of sub cellulur sLrucLures
S oss of efflcucv
Some drugs musL be proLecLed whlle ln clrculuLlon
hls ls Lhe moLlvuLlon for u number of Lhe sLrucLures below
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S unocupsules
S unoLubes
S unogels
S endrlmers
S unoshells
S OLher SLrucLures
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S ncupsuluLed sLrucLures proLecL drugs, ullow for surfuce modlflcuLlon
S lor our purposes, we wlll conslder fullv enclosed sLrucLures
nunocupsules, purLlullv enclosed und plugged sLrucLures wlll be deulL
wlLh under nunoshells und nunoLubes
S e wlll deul mulnlv wlLh llposomes
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S losed, conLlnuous bl-luvered sLrucLure
S SvnLheslzed wlLh polvmers
S endencv Lo uggreguLe und fuse
e would llke Lo muke Lhem sLuble for sLoruge und uppllcuLlon
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S urger lnLernul volume
S lnner und ouLer surfuces cun be sepuruLelv funcLlonullzed
S Slmple loudlng
S un be grown on LempluLes
onLrol of slze und shupe
vplcullv curbon or slllcu
S un be corked wlLh u bloucLlve or ucLlvelv Lrlggered purLlcle
S Successful upplled ln speurs for gene LrunsfecLlon
S Some unLl-oxldunL, unLl-mlcroblul properLles
S Some posslble LoxlclLv
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lleld emlsslon scunnlng elecLron mlcrogruphs (lS) of u home-mude ulumlnu LempluLe (6-nm dlumeLer)
ufLer slllcu ''surfuce solgel'' LempluLe svnLhesls, Lop-vlewed (lefL) und cross-secLlonul vlewed lmuge (rlghL).
he cross-secLlonullv vlewed lmuge reveuls LhuL slllcu nunoLubes were
svnLheslzed wlLhln Lhe pores of Lhe LempluLe.
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S un be svnLheslzed und sLored wlLhouL drugs, subseouenLlv louded
S xLended sLublllLv
S ow oxlclLv
S lmlLed meLhods for surfuce couLlng
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Coldbera M Lanaer 8 !la x 2007 nanosLrucLured MaLerlals for appllcaLlons ln urua uellverv and 1lssue Lnalneerlna ! 8lomaLer Scl olvmer Ldn vol 18 no 3 pp 241268
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S onLrolled shupe
S ReluLlvelv eusv Lo lsoluLe
S rugs cun be enveloped bv sLrucLure or bonded Lo brunches
S lncreuslng slze lncreuses solublllLv, LoxlclLv
OENORIMER5 FLOATING ON CELL
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S hls cuLegorv encompusses veslculur porous sLrucLures
S vplcullv Slllcu or ulclum PhosphuLe
S lnlmum relluble pore slze = z nm
S uLerluls cun be Lrupped ln lnLerlor spuce wlLh nunopurLlcle corks,
whlch cun be ucLlvelv LurgeLlng
S AlLernuLelv, sLrucLure muv be blodegruduble
rugs ure releused from lnLernul cuvlLles us sLrucLure erodes
METAL NANO5HELL5
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S Archuesomes
Polur eLher llplds from vurlous bucLerlu
AdupLed Lo hursh condlLlons, l.e. hlgh LemperuLures or low pH
onger sLublllLv, reslsLunce Lo oxlduLlon und oLher chemlcul
degruduLlon
S ochleuLes
Smull, sLuble llpld sLrucLures
lluver sheeL rolled up ln u splrul
nhunced sLublllLv, ublllLv Lo dellver neguLlvelv or poslLlvelv churged
specles
Used for orul dellverv
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S unocupsules ulso huve poLenLlul
uppllcuLlons ln ugrochemlculs, cosmeLlcs,
geneLlc englneerlng, wusLewuLer LreuLmenLs,
cleunlng producLs, und udheslve componenL
uppllcuLlons.
S hev cun be used Lo encupsuluLe enzvmes,
cuLulvsLs, olls, udheslves, polvmers, lnorgunlc
mlcro- und nunopurLlcles, luLex purLlcles, or
even blologlcul cells
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S AOHOOCY HeulLh und nvlronmenLul
Rlsks bv [ Anne 5hatkin
S unopurLlculuLes us drug currlers v P T[^Uhi|in
S lnLroducLlon Lo unoscule Sclence und echnologv
bv ent^a, Massimi|ian[ Ev[, 5tephane Hef|in,
ames R (Eds
S hLLp:llwww.uzonuno.com
S hLLp:llwww.cupsuluLlon.comlenlLechnologvlnunocu
psules.hLml
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S vlslL
S www.bphurmsLuf.com
lor more ppL's
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