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In the year of 1882 DC steam engine driven dc generator and supplied 59 customers within the area of 5.2km. It supply 110v dc supply to incandescent lamp. But the usage of large power all over world was increased so the development of motors was done. FRANK SPRAGUE in the year of 1884 invented the motor. In the year 1886 usage of dc is decreased due to transmission of power only through short distance.

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EVOLUTION OF AC SUPPLY
L.GAULARD AND J.D.GIBBS OF PARIS ,FRANCE POWER SYSTEM INVENTED TRANSFORMER AND TRANSMISSION LINE. In the year 1886, WILLIAM STANLEY AND WESTING HOUSE produced ac supply for 150 lamps in great BARRINGTON MASSACHUSSETS. In 1889, first ac line in NORTH AMERICA operation put in operation in GREOGE between WILLAMETTE falls and Portland. It single phase supply line 40,00V over a distance. NIKOLIA TESLA 1888 was developed the polyphase. In the year of 1890 the argument was made between THOMAS AND WEIGHTHOUSE .At last ac system won.

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1893, first three phase transmission line made in north America . It transmit voltage of 2300V for 21km on southern California. DC cannot use above 30km away. The main problem raised during the selection of frequency . 25 HZ,50HZ,60HZ,125Hz. In north America 60HZ were used whereas 50HZ were used.

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SWITCHGEAR: the term switchgear, used in association with the electric power system, or grid, refers to the combination of electrical disconnects, fuses and/or circuit breakers used to isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. This type of equipment is important because it is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity supply. FEATURES OF SWITCHGEAR 1) Complete reliability 2) detect healthy fault from faulty section 3) Quiz operation 4)Provision of manual control TYPES OF SWITCHGEAR: 1)Airbreaker-design for under load ,used for outdoor. 2) Isolator or disconnect r-knife switch design to open air under no load.
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FUSE: In electronics and electrical engineering a fuse (from the French fuse, Italian. fuso, "spindle"[1]) is a type of sacrificial overcurrent protection device. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows, which interrupts the circuit in which it is connected. Short circuit, overload or device failure is often the reason for excessive current. In 1847, Breguet recommended use of reduced-section conductors to protect telegraph stations from lightning strikes; by melting, the smaller wires would protect apparatus and wiring inside the building.A variety of wire or foil fusible elements were in use to protect telegraph cables and lighting installations as early as 1864. A fuse was patented by Thomas Edison in 1890as part of his successful electric distribution system The fuse element is made of zinc, copper, silver, aluminum, or alloys to provide stable and predictable characteristics.

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Fuse is a piece of wire of a material with a very low melting point. When a high current flows through the circuit due to Overloading or a Short circuit , the wires gets heated and melts. As a result, the circuit is broken and current stops flowing. Fuse is a piece of wire of a material with a very low melting point. When a high current flows through the circuit due to
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MARKINGS: Ampere rating of the fuse. Voltage rating of the fuse. Time-current characteristic; i.e. fuse speed. Approvals by national and international standards agencies. Manufacturer/part number/series. Breaking capacity Packages and materials Fuse bodies may be made of ceramic, glass, plastic, fiberglass, molded mica laminates, or molded compressed fibre depending on application and voltage class
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Types of fuses:
1) Low voltage fuse a. semi enclosed rewirable fuse-500A,400V b. High rupturing fuse-16,000-30,000A 1) High voltage fuse a. cartridge type b.liquid type.

LOW VOLTAGE FUSE

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A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city

TYPES OF CB:

a)OIL TYPE BREAKER:

The oil in OCBs serves two purposes. It insulates between the phases and between the phases and the ground, and it provides the medium for the extinguishing of the arc. When electric arc is drawn under oil, the arc vaporizes the oil and creates a large bubble that surrounds the arc. The gas inside the bubble is around 80% hydrogen, which impairs ionization. The decomposition of oil into gas requires energy that comes from the heat generated by the arc. The oil surrounding the bubble conducts the heat away from the arc and thus also contributes to deionization of the arc.
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A vacuum breaker is an attachment commonly placed on a bibcock valve or toilet or urinal flush valve, that prevents water from being siphoned backward into the public drinking water system. This prevents contamination should the public drinking water system's pressure drop. A vacuum breaker typically contains a plastic disc that is pressed forward by water supply pressure, and covers small vent holes. Should the supply pressure drop, the disc springs back opening the vent holes (which let in outside air), and preventing backflow of water. A more complex valve that accomplishes much the same purpose is the backflow preventer. Vacuum relief valves are sometimes known as vacuum breakers.

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Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) is an excellent gaseous dielectric for high voltage power applications. It has been used extensively in high voltage circuit breakers and other switchgears employed by the power industry. Applications for SF6 include gas insulated transmission lines and'gas insulated power distributions. The combined electrical, physical, chemical and thermal properties offer many advantages when used in power switchgears. Some of the outstanding properties of SF6 making it desirable to use in power applications are: V High dielectric strength V Unique arc-quenching ability V Excellent thermal stability V Good thermal conductivity

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Incoming bar Incoming terminal Molecule renewer Epoxy tube housing Fixed contact Fixed contact head Arcing contacts Gas blowing fannel Moving contact head Moving contact Tulip contact Moving piston Outgoing bar Fixed piston Spring Guide holder "U" Gas filling valve Cover

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