UMTS Overview

Rupy Sikka Phone: +1 630-224-0192 Email: Rsikka@lucent.com

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What Is UMTS
UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS is a part of the International Telecommunications Unions IMT-2000 vision of a global family of third-generation (3G) mobile communications systems UMTS will play a key role in creating the future mass market for high-quality wireless multimedia communications that will approach 2 billion users worldwide by the year 2010

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Why UMTS?
Convergence between terrestrial and satellite Video and Audio on Demand

Access to data any Time, anywhere

UMTS

Demand of Telecom Services in developing countries

Increase Demand of Wireless Services

Demand for More Capacity

Internet, Intranet access and multimedia services

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Globalization
3G Systems are intended to Unify various 2G incompatible systems, For Example, GSM and IS-95 into single Global System

As a result 3G system will be capable of offering seamless communication service that will support International Roaming, and permit access to wide range of services anywhere in the world.

UMTS Standardization The International Standardization activities have been taking place in following regions:
Asia Europe United States

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Asia Region:

China: By the Research Institute of Telecommunications and Transmission (RITT) Japan: By the Association of Radio Industry and Business (ARIB), and Telecommunication Committee Korea: By the Telecommunication Technologies Association (TTA)

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Europe And United States

Europe: European Telecommunications Standards Institution (ETSI)

United States: Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) T1P1

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UMTS Services High Quality Audio and High Speed data services Internet access, web browsing and remote access to intranet Multimedia Applications e.g Video Conferencing M-commerce, e.g. Mobile banking and mobile shopping
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UMTS Features Global Roaming Simultaneous Multiple Services Circuit and Packet oriented data services Symmetrical and asymmetrical services Migration Path from 2G systems Spectral efficiency

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UMTS Performance

Outdoor Vehicular: 144 Kbps

Outdoor Pedestrians: 384 Kbps

Indoor/Office: 2Mbps

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UMTS Performance
UMTS Air Interface has two modes of Operations:
FDD TDD

FDD: The main mode of operation is FDD, where uplink and downlink
channel use different frequency bands.FDD is used in paired bands where there is 2x60Mhz spectrum is available

TDD: With TDD, the uplink and downlink channels are separated by
time division, that is they occupy different timeslots. As a result TDD mode require only one frequency band and best suited for unpaired bands. TDD is used for asymmetric services, for example, Web browsing where heavy traffic Demand On the downlink can be supported by allocating majority time slots to downlink channel.

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Spectrum Allocation

3G Bands
- TDD - 1900-1920 MHz - FDD - 1920-1980 x 2110-2170 MHz
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UMTS Architecture
Radio Access Network
Uu Iub Node B USIM Node B Cu MSC/ VLR GMSC
PLMN, PSTN. ISDN, etc..

Core Network
Iu

RNC
Iur

HLR

External Networks Internet.

ME

Node B

RNC UE
Node B

SGSN

GGSN

UTRAN

CN

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UTRAN Architecture
Iu CS Uu Node B

RNC
USIM Node B

MSC/VLR

RNS
Iub ME Node B Iur

RNC UE
Node B

SGSN CN

RNS

Iu PS

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UTRAN Functions
Overall System Access Control Security and Privacy Handover Radio Resource Management and Control RNC Functions: Intra UTRNA Handover Frame Synchronization Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer Control Outer Loop Power Control Radio Resource Allocation

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UTRAN Functions
Node B Conduct Radio Environment Survey (BER estimate, Rx signal strength etc..) Inner Loop Power Control Outer loop power control Radio Channel Coding/decoding Frequency Synchronization etc..

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Core Network Architecture

UCN Comprises:
CS entity to provide voice and CS data services PS entity to provide PS based services Other Supporting Entities: Network Management System (NMS) Intelligent (IN) System ATM/IP Switch

UCN Logical Architecture

CS Domain
Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Gateway MSC (GMSC)

PS Domain
SGSN GGSN Domain Name Server (DNS) Firewall etc..
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Understanding UMTS Elements

UE
Mobile Equipment (ME) is the radio terminal used over the Uu interface UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) is a smart card that holds the subscriber identity, perform authentication algorithms, and stores authentication and encryption keys

UTRAN
Node B converts the data flow between the Iub and Uu interface. It also participate in radio resource management Radio Network Controller (RNC) owns and controls the radio resources in its domain. RNC is the service access point for all services UTRAN provides the CN

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Understanding UMTS Elements

CN
Home Location Register (HLR) is a database located in the users home system that stores the master copy of users service profile. Visitor Location Register (VLR) that serves the UE in its current location for circuit switch services. VLR holds a copy of the visiting users service profile. Gateway MSC (GMSC) is the switch at the point where UMTS PLMN is connected to external CS networks. All incoming and outgoing CS connections go through GMSC. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is used for packet switch (PS) services. The part of the network that is accessed via SGSN is often referred as the PS domain Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is close to GMSC but in relation to PS services

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UMTS Interfaces

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UMTS Interfaces
Cu Interface: This is the electrical interface between the USIM smart card and the ME Uu Interface: The Uu is the interface through which UE accesses the fixed part of the system. And is therefore most important open interface in UMTS Iu Interface: This connects UTRAN to the CN. The open Iu interface gives UMTS operators the possibility of acquiring UTRAN and CN from different manufacturers. Iur Interface: The open Iur interface allows a soft handover between RNCs from different manufacturers and therefore complements the open Iu interface Iub Interface: The Iub connects a Node B and an RNC.UMTS is the first commercial mobile telephony system where the Base Station Controller is standardized as a fully open interface

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Next Generation Network Solution

Multiple Access Networks: Fixed and Mobile Current and Third Generation Intelligent Services Layer: Provides Inter-Domain Services and Applications Provides Common Application layer for multiple access networks Provides single service appearance across residential, corporate and mobile environments. IP/ATM Core Network Provides common transport for Access Networks

Intelligent Services Layer

Mobility Policy database Intelligence Databases Databases

WEB Management

IP/ATM Core Network

TDMA /GSM+ w/GPRS
Core Network

Global Internet

Base Stations

Mobile Switch + Data Interworking

PSTN/ISDN, Cable Modem, XDSL, Bluetooth

Base station routers

Home Access Control Point

Radio Control

Roaming Dial User

UTRAN

Wireless LANs

Wide area Mobility Access (GSM, TDMA, UMTS, CDMA)

Remote / Global Access Residential/ Small Office Home Office Access

Corporate Access

CDMA/UMTS Comparison

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Essential Similarities:Shared Carrier

Like CDMA, all UMTS users share same wideband carrier
Transmissions are spread across carrier and individually coded CDMA: 1.23 MHz carrier UMTS carrier is wider ( 5 MHz)
Comparable to CDMA2000/3x carrier

Note that a wider carrier enhances performance

Improves ability to resolve and combine multipath Additional users within carrier further stabilizes average interference background, allowing higher pole loading Permits higher data rates

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Essential Similarities: Power Control & Soft Handoff

Like CDMA, UMTS links are rapidly power-controlled

Objective: maintain minimal power consistent with voice quality Power is adjusted based on mobile state (fade, multipath, velocity) Additionally, as in CDMA, link powers down when user not speaking

Like CDMA, UMTS soft handoff (handover) is employed

Call simultaneously supported by multiple sectors Enhances cell coverage by more effectively combating fades Lowers interference levels (nearby sectors are signal, not impairment)

Note minor differences exist. For example:

Faster power control than CDMA (about 2x) More complex coding on forward link (impacts handoff processing)
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Some Differences
Technologies are not identical. Differences exist. For example: Both CDMA/UMTS employ pilot (reference) signals that are distinct for each sector. However:
CDMA pilot is on separate channel; UMTS pilot is embedded in traffic data CDMA pilot codes are simple
Each sector distinguished by different time shift of the same code Simplifies acquisition (handoff) process, but requires GPS timing accuracy

In contrast, UMTS pilot codes are complex

Sectors distinguished by more detailed coding Acquisition process therefore more complex, but GPS accuracy not required

From RF design/implementation point of view, such differences are subtleoverall coverage/capacity aspects are very comparable.
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Differences Between UMTS and IS 95

UMTS
Carrier Spacing Chip Rate Power Control Frequency BS Synchronization Inter-frequency Handover Efficient Radio Resource Algorithms 5 Mhz 3.84 Mcps 1500Hz Uplink /Downlink Not Required Yes, measurements with slotted mode Yes, Provides required quality of Services

IS 95
1.25 Mhz 1.2288 Mcps Uplink: 800Hz Downlink: Slow PC Yes, GPS based Yes, no standard method of measurements Not required for Speech only networks

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