Presentation on - Infertility Presented To- Dr.

Jahir Uddin Ahmed MBBS, MSC in CHDC Faculty, MPH, AIUB Presented by- Eliza Rayamajhi 10-9468-3 AIUB

Infertility

Infertility

Inability to conceive; Unable to get pregnant, means you cannot make a baby. Infertility is the inability of a couple to become pregnant (regardless of cause) after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse using no birth control methods).

Infertility
Infertility affects men and women equally.


Infertility is grouped into two categories: Primary infertility refers to couples who have not become pregnant after at least 1 year of unprotected sex (intercourse). Secondary infertility refers to couples who have been pregnant at least once, but never again.

Causes of Infertility

FEMALE INFERTILITY
 

Female infertility may occur when: A fertilized egg or embryo does not survive once it sticks to the lining of the womb (uterus) The fertilized egg does not attach to the lining of the uterus The eggs cannot move from the ovaries to the womb The ovaries have problems producing eggs

  

In about 40% of cases, the woman is diagnosed with a problem, such as: Irregular ovulation (release of eggs) Blocked fallopian tubes Abnormalities in the cervix or uterus

Causes of Female Fertility

       

Cancer or tumor Clotting disorders Diabetes Growths (such as fibroids or polyps) in the uterus and cervix Birth defects that affect the reproductive tract Eating disorders or poor nutrition Use of certain medications, including chemotherapy drugs Drinking too much alcohol

Contd.
      

Obesity Older age Ovarian cyst and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Pelvic infection or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Scarring from sexually transmitted infection or endometriosis Thyroid disease Too little or too much hormones

Tracking Ovulation

Irregular ovulation accounts for about a third of all cases of infertility. poor timing is the main obstacle. i.e. couples have sexual intercourse during the safe period of women, or when the woman is having infertile days. If a woman has 26-30 days cycle, days 1 to 7 and day 21 to rest of the cycle is considered safe so period between these is the time for fertility.

   

MALE INFERTILITY: Male infertility may be due to: A decrease in sperm count Sperm being blocked from being released Sperm that do not work properly

Causes of Male Infertility

           

Environmental pollutants Being in high heat for prolonged periods Birth defects Heavy use of alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine Too little or too much hormones Impotence Infection Older age Cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation Scarring from sexually transmitted diseases, injury, or surgery Smoking Use of certain drugs, such as cimetidine,spironolactone, and nitrofurantoin

Symptoms

The main symptom of infertility is the inability to become pregnant. Specific symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility. Infertility can cause many painful emotions in one or both partners.

Tests
Both for man and woman:  Routine blood pressure, pulse, and temperature  Height and weight  Inspection of sexual organs  Hormone testing  Woman: Pelvic ultrasound scan to look for masses, cervical mucus testing  Man: Genital examination, testicle size, hernias

Tests in Men
  

Sperm testing Semen analysis Testicular biopsy (rarely done)

Test in woman
    

Pelvic Examination Hysterosalpingogram Pelvic Ultrasound Hysteroscopy laparoscopy

Infertility Treatment
  

 

Treatment depends on the cause of infertility. It may involve: Education and counseling Fertility treatments such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) Medicines to treat infections and clotting disorders Medicines that help the woman grow and release eggs from the ovaries

Contd.


chances of becoming pregnant can be increased each month by having sex at least every 3 days before and during ovulation. It is especially important to do so 72 hours before ovulation begins. Ovulation occurs about 2 weeks before the next menstrual cycle (period) starts. If a woman gets her period every 28 days, the couple should have sex at least every 3 days between the 10th and 18th day after the period starts.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Intra-uterine Insemination


the sperm is placed directly into the woman's uterus while she is ovulating. reduces the distance the sperm must swim to reach the egg. IUI is often used in combination with drugs that stimulate ovulation

Surgery for Blocked Fallopian Tubes Laparoscopic surgery

Natural Ways to Boost Fertility

If you smoke, quit. Smoking reduces fertility and has a documented impact on pregnancy rates. eat nutritious foods. Research suggests certain vitamins and minerals can improve fertility in men and women.

Acupuncture

Research suggests acupuncture may improve sperm quality, improve blood flow to the uterus, normalize ovulation, and boost IVF success rates.