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Thales Theorem If arms og an angle are cut by parallel straight lines, then the ratio of the lengths of the line segments obtained on one arm are equal to the corresponding segments obtained on the second arm.
For example:
|OA|:|OB| = |O A |:|O B | |OA|:|AB| = |O A |:|A B | But also |OC|:|AC| = |O C |:|A C | Conclusion In the situation like on the drawing , from Thales Theaorem it follows that |OA|:|OB| = |AA |:|BB |
Applications
ThalesTheorem has found a number of applications. Let us just a few:
Pyramids height The legend has it than Thales amazed Egyptian priests by calculating the height of the Great pyramid using a stick and its shadow. This is how he did it.
From ThalesTheorem we have the proportion: |OA|:|OB| = |AA |:|BB | so |BB |=|AA ||OB|:|OA|. Knowing |AA | the sicks lenght, and measuring |OA| it;s shadows |OB| length, we can obtain the pyramids height of any large object.
Ship-to-shore distance Using a bit different method we can calculate the offshore disance of a ship.
Using ThalesTheorem we have: (|A A|+x):|B A | = x:|BA| sk d x=|A A||BA|:(|B A |-|BA|). Be measuring lengths of all segments in the above equation we get affshore distance x
Fram the picture, using ThalesTheorem we see that the point P divides the segment AB in the given ratio. The above construct was fundamental in mathematics of Ancient Greece. It facilitated multiplication and diision of segments which the Greeks identified with numbers.
Similarity of Trangles
Are conditions (both sufficient and necessary) for two trangles to be congruent. There are several criteria of conruence:
III Feature of
similarity of triangles
Two triangles are congruent if a pair of orresponding side and the included angle are equal.
Tasks
1. Let two straight lines AC and BD be parallel: a) [OA]=4cm,[OC]=3cm,[AB]=1,6cm, oblicz [CD] b) [OD]=4,8cm, [OA]=2cm, [AB]=4cm, oblicz [OC]
D C O A B
2. Calculate the height of the Tower of the Wends (Athens) if its shadow is 10 m long, and at the same time a stick 2.6 m londg casts a two-meter shadow.
3. Calculate the height of a tree if its shadow is 12 m long and its crowns shadow is 8 m long. The lowest branches are at 2 m.
4. Let us be given a triangle ABC.A straight line parallel to the AB side cuts the AC side passing through tje point M and cut the BC side passing throught the point N. Calculate the length BN and NC, if [AM/MC]=2/3 i [BC] = 10 cm.
5. If straight lines AB, CD, EF are parallel to one another, calculate: a) [OB] , if: [OC]=7cm, [OA]=3cm, [BD]=2cm b) [OE] , if: [AF]=9cm, [OA]=3cm, [OB]=5cm c) [DB] , ifi: [AC]=2cm, [OC]=3cm, [OB]=5cm
E A
O B F D