F2032 : FUNDEMENTAL OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating System Concepts

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NOR AZMI BIN KADARISMAN

Room : CNW2 E-mail: nazmi@ict.puo.edu.my Extra time : 10 minutes First 2 hours: first love letter Second 2 hours: last love letter

WORD OF THE DAY:

RESPONBILITIES

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Assessment

 Continuous Assessment

Quiz (7x) Assignment (5x) Lab Work (10x) Theory Test (2x)
 Final Examination -

15% 25% 20% 40%

50%

50%

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BOOKS

Rujukan Utama : Silberschatz, A. (2003), Operating System Concepts, 6th Edition, John Wiley & Sons. Rujukan Lain : 1.Stalling, W. (2005).Operating Systems Internals & Design Principles, 5th Edition, Pearson Education International. 2.Davis & Rajkumar, (2005). Operating Systems, 6th Edition, Pearson Educ. International. 3.Deitel, Deitel & Choffnes, (2004). Operating Systems, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education International.
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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

 Identify a various operating system  Understand the basic routines performed by

operating system to enable students to maintain the computer system effectively  Install MS Windows network operating system  Configure a domain server using MS Windows network operating system  Configure workstations to join domain

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Syllabus Summary
1.0 Introduction to Operating System 1.1 Understand Terms and Concept of OS 1.2 Understand the interface between operating system and its application Basic Operating System Concept Management Understand the user interface, file system and OICS Resource Management 3.1 Understand Memory Management 3.2 Understand Processor Management File Management Understand FM in OS Operating System Installation 5.1 Understand OS installation method 5.2 Understand operating system maintenance 5.3 Understand Microsoft Window Administration
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2.0 3.0

4.0 5.0

Operating System Concepts

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM

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CONTENTS
 What is an Operating System?  Abstract View of System Component  Operating System Definition  History of Operating System  Various type of Operating System  Evolution of Window Operating System  Installation of Operating System

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What is an Operating System?

 Definition :

A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.  Purpose: to provide an environment in which user can execute program in a convenient & efficient manner.  Operating system goals: Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier. Make the computer system convenient to use.

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Computer System Component

Hardware provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices). Operating system controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users. Applications programs define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, business programs) Users (people, machines, other computers).
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Computer System Components

COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

HARDWARE

OPERATING SYSTEM

APPLICATION PROGRAM

USER

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Abstract view of system component

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History of Operating System

 1st Generation (1945 -55) Vacuum Tube and Plug board

Computers had no operating systems but operated manually by their users Computer the size of classroom Machine were operated by programmers/operator from main console/control panel. Machine of the time were so primitive -> program were often entered one bit at time on row of mechanical switch (plug boards). No programming language (even assembly language)

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Cont..
 2nd Generation (1955-65) Transistor and Batch System

Were developed to meet the needs of a new market business Job scheduling introduced for control card Introduction of punch card General Motor Research Labotories implemented the 1st OS for IBM 701. Generally run one job at a time. Called single stream batch processing system program and data were submitted in group or batches.

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Cont..
 3rd Generation (1965 -80) ICs and Multiprogramming Were designed with faster CPUs but their speed caused problem when interact with the relatively I/O devices. Solution multiprogramming. Concept Loading many program at one time to share attention of a single CPU ( Can process several job at one time) Operating system designer developed the concept of multiprogramming in which several job in main memory at once a processor switched from job to job as needed to keep several job advancing while peripheral device in use Eg: If the system no multiprogramming, when the current job paused to wait for the I/O operation to complete, the CPU simply idle until the I/O finished. Sol : By partition memory into several pieces, with a different job in each partition. While one job waiting for I/O to complete, another job will using the CPU. Introduced time sharing technique
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 4th Generation (1980-Present) Personal Computer Microprocessor technology evolved become possible to build desktop computer as powerful as the mainframe The components that dominated personal computer scene : MS DOS (OS) for IBM PC Intel 8088 CPU (Processor) Running network operating system designed to allow shared file and
printer access among computers in a network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private network or an Intranet. Examples include UNIX Network file system (NFS), AppleShare, Novell NetWare, Windows for Workgroups and Windows NT.

Distributed operating system - which manages a number of computers

and hardware devices which make up a DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM

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Various Type of Operating System

 Batch System  Multiprogramming System  Distributed System

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Batch System
How it works?  User not interact directly with the computer system  User will prepare the job which consisted of the program, data and some control information about a job.  This information will be stored in control card  Control card will be submitted to computer operator.  Job usually in form of punch card.  After process, (maybe a minute, hour or days) the output is appeared.  Output is consisted of result of the program. Which is dump into final memory and register content for debugging.

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Batch System Cont

 To speed up processing, operators batch together job with      

similar needs and run them through the computer as group Operator will sort program into batch with similar requirement . When computer become available , would run each batch. The output for each job will send back to programmer. Input device : line printer, tape drives, punch card Output device : result of the program me Weakness : cpu often idle because the speed of mechanical I/O device are slower than electronic device

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Batch System Cont.

 OS in these early computer was simple  OS always resident in memory  Memory layout for simple batch system Operating System

User program area

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Multiprogramming System
 Important aspect of job scheduling is the ability to

multiprogramming.  Job Scheduling is process perform by operating system that allow direct access to several job.  Multiprogramming increase CPU utilization by organizing jobs so that the CPU always has job to execute.

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Multiprogramming Cont
 How it works?  The OS keeps several job in memory simultaneously  The OS picks and begin to execute on of the jobs in the memory.  Job may have to wait for some task, such as an I/O operation to Operating System Job 1 Job 2 Job 3

complete.  In multiprogramming system, the operating system simply switch to and execute another job.  When that job need to wait, the CPU is switched to the another job and so on.  At least one job needs to execute, the CPU is never idle.

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Distributed System
 Communication path between two or more system.  Distributed system depend on networking for their functionality.  For being able to communicate , distributed system are able to share

computational task and provide a rich of features to users.  Basically network is different by ; -protocol used -distances between node -transport media  OS system support all type of protocol.  Media that type to carried network (Transport media) - copper wire - wireless transmission - microwave - radio frequency
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THE EVOLUTION OF WINDOWS

` 1985: Windows 1.0 ` 1987: Windows 2.0 ` 1990: Windows 3.0 ` 1993: Windows NT 3.1 ` 1993: Windows for Workgroups 3.11 ` 1994: Windows NT Workstation 3.5 ` 1995: Windows 95 ` 1996: Windows NT Workstation 4.0 ` 1998: Windows 98

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Cont..

` 1999: Windows 98 Second Edition ` 2000: Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me) ` 2000: Windows 2000 Professional ` 2001: Windows XP ` 2001: Windows XP Professional ` 2001: Windows XP Home Edition ` 2001: Windows XP 64-bit Edition ` 2007 : Windows Vista ` 2009 : Windows 7

 For more detail, go to this website:

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/winhistorydesktop.mspx

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Installation of Windows Operating System

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