Applied Thermodynamics

Binary Vapour Cycle for IC Engine Waste Heat

TEAM MEMBERS
G. Arun Prasaad S. Dinesh Surya Kumar I . Sanjay R. Vetrivel S. Vignesh S. Vigneysh Prabu 09M104 09M107 09M130 09M150 09M152 09M154

Synopsis
Earlier model Revised model Thermo-couple performance Coolant and Exhaust lines Air Conditioner lines Net Thermal Efficiency Cooling / Heating Effect Advantages Disadvantages References

Thermo-couple Performance.

Coolant and Exhaust lines

Heat absorbed by the coolant at Engine at constant pressure. Qac = m c Cp (T2-T1); Heat content of the exhaust Qe = m eCp(T2e-Tct); Temperature difference at the thermocouple T= T2e Ta;

Coolant and Exhaust lines

By Reverse Peltier effect, heQe = h I (ke* T); By Seebeck effect V= (ke* T) + 0.5 (ke* T)^2; From these relations, it is possible to find the electrical energy generated by the relation Ptc=V I heQe;

Coolant and Exhaust lines

Force produced by the exhaust gases on the blades of the turbo-charger Fe = m se* Ve (for linear blade) Power developed by turbo charger Pt= o*(2 N Fe*rb)/60 Heat lost in the radiator by coolant Qlcr = m c Cp (kc * T2 T3)

Coolant and Exhaust lines

An assumption is made that the coolant attains its original state at the end of the cycle. Also, the work developed for the pump is obtained from the crankshaft through combustion energy. Therefore, coolant cycle efficiency is given by c = output/input =(Qlcr)/(Qac) * 100%

= (1- (Qlce)/(Qac)) * 100% Also, the COP of the cycle is given by COPc = (Wout)/(Win) =(Qlcr)/(Wpump) =(Qlcr)/(kcrk*Wcrk) COPc =(Qlcr)/( com*kcrk*Qcom)

Coolant and Exhaust lines

The exhaust line efficiency is given by e = output/input =( (Pt+ Ptc)/Qe ) * 100 % Assuming that Qe and Qac are nearly equal and individually equal to 35% of the total combustion energy produced and also, the initially utilised combustion energy is 20 %, the total combustion energy utilised is Qu = Qu1+ Qlcr + Pt+ Ptc ; = com1Qcom1+ e Qe + c Qac Qu = (0.2+ 0.35 e + 0.35 c ) Qcom1

Air Conditioner line

Heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the vehicle cabin(Evaporator) Qarc=m r Cp(Tcab-Trbe) Heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the reheater (Radiator) Qarr=m rCp(Trbr-Trar) Qarr= ex Qlcr Total heat absorbed by the refrigerant is Qar= Qarr+Qarc

Air Conditioner line

Heat lost by the refrigerant at condenser Qlrc=m r*Cv*(Trbc-Trac) Temperature difference at the thermocouple T= Tcondenser Ta By the same relation as above, the thermoelectric power is given by Ptc hcondQlrc Heat lost by the refrigerant at expansion valve Qlrx=m r*Cv*(Trbx-Trax)

Air Conditioner line

Assuming that the refrigerant reaches its original state in the cycle, the thermal efficiency is given by r = output/input r = (Qarc + Ptc)/(Qar)*100 % The COP of the air conditioning circuit is COPa.c =(Qarc)/(Wcomp) COPa.c =(Qarc)/( ke * e *Qe + Wadd +Pt)

Net Thermal Efficiency

The ultimate thermal efficiency of the system is u= (Pt+ Ptc - Wcomp Qarc)/(Qac Qarc + Wadd)

Cooling/Heating Effect
Time taken for T K rise or fall in temperature in the cabin, at constant mass transfer rate prevailing between the surroundings and the vehicle cabin is given by t=(mair*Cp* T)/(m a*Cp* T2 Qes)

Advantages
More energy savings. Can act as both air heater and air cooler. The energy is stored as electricity and also an air conditioning effect is provided. Chances for Cascading operations. Electrical energy stored has several usages. Sufficient energy, when generated, can be used to replace some devices like alternator.

Disadvantages
Space cost and design constrains are more. ECM module programming becomes complex. Weight increases. Some design features are to be included in the vehicle while fixing this setup. Multiple heat exchange units reduce Sub-cycle and overall efficiency. Refrigerant selection is tedious and must have a wide working range with optimum specific heat capacity. Humidity control unit is needed. Selective optimum temperature differences are needed to extract maximum power from the thermo-couple.

References
Automotive Air-Conditioning - Boyce H. Dwiggins Delmar Publications Thermal Science Data Book B T Nijaguna. TMG HILL Thermal Engineering R. Rudramoorthy. TMG HILL Automotive Mechanics William H Crouse and Donald L Anglin (SIE) TMG HILL. NPTEL files Thermodynamics-IIT MADRAS. Engineering Thermodynamics P. Chattopadhyay. Oxford University Press. Thermodynamics Cengel and Bones. TEPC journals Internet.

Thank You...!