LABORATORY

Come in We are open

AREAS IN THE LABORATORY

Clinical Microscopy  Microbiology Hematology Clinical chemistry Serology/immunology Histopathology immunohematology

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY

URINE and BOBY FLUIDS: Deals with the study of the gross, chemical and microscopic analyses of the different body fluids other than blood. It includes the importance of these body fluids to body processes; the principles of the analytical procedures; interpretation of results and clinical significance of the physiologically important substances found in these body fluids.

Body fluid or bodily fluids are liquids that are inside the bodies of living organisms. They include fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not.

BODY FLUIDS: Amniotic fluid Cerebrospinal fluid Cowper's fluid or pre-ejaculatory fluid, Extracellular fluid, Aqueous humour,
Lymph,

Female ejaculate, Interstitial fluid, Pleural fluid, Pus,Vomit , etc

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY

Urinalysis - macroscopic - chemical - microscopic Body fluids examination -cell count - differential count

MICROBIOLOGY

MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiology is a broad term which includes virology, mycology, parasitology, bacteriology and other branches

PARASITOLOGY: Deals with the identification of human parasites which are of medical importance especially those commonly found in the Philippines. Emphasis is given on the epidemiology, pathogenecity, distribution, life cycle, and laboratory identification of each parasite.

BACTERIOLOGY: Covers the morphology and physiology of bacteria, rickettsiae and other significant atypical bacteria and their role in infection and immunity. Emphasis is made on their isolation and identification and susceptibility testing as an aid in laboratory diagnosis.

MYCOLOGY: deals with the study of morphologic and biologic characteristics of fungal and viral agents of disease. It also includes the study of laboratory diagnostic methods,epidemiology, pathology, prevention and control of diseases caused by fungi and viruses

HEMATOLOGY

Hematology (haematology)
Hematology comes from the Greek words (haima) meaning "blood" and (logos), a root commonly employed to denote a field of study.

Branch of science that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Hematology includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood diseases. The laboratory work that goes into the study of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist.

Hematologists physicians also very frequently do further study in oncology - the medical treatment of cancer.

2 DIVISIONS:
Hematology I: deals with the study of blood as
a tissue and the pathophysiology of the cellular elements of the blood.

Hematology II: deals with the study of fundamentals

of blood as a tissue, the pathophysiology and the mechanism of coagulation and hemostasis.

Blood collection: skin puncture and venipuncture Hematology department performs numerous different tests on blood. The most commonly performed test is the complete blood count (CBC) also called full blood count (FBC).

CBC includes:
WBC RBC Differential count (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes) Thrombocytes count Hemoglobin determination Hematocrit determination. To determine cell abnormalities: RBC, WBC and platelet anomalies = peripheral smear

Reticulocyte count: To help evaluate the bone marrows ability to produce red blood cells (RBCs) and to help distinguish between anemia related to blood loss or destruction and anemia related to decreased RBC Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells (RBCs). When is this ordered? When you have a decreased (or increased) RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit and your doctor wants to evaluate bone marrow function.

ESR: It actually measures the rate of fall (sedimentation) of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in a tall, thin tube of blood.
Results are reported as how many millimeters of clear plasma are present at the top of the column after one hour. Normally, red cells fall slowly, leaving little clear plasma. Increased blood levels of certain

HEMATOLOGY II

Blood coagulation is a subspecialty of hematology

Basic general coagulation tests are the prothrombin time) and partial thromboplastin time.

TESTS: 1. Bleeding Time 2. Clotting Time 3. Prothrombin Time 4. Active Partial Thromboplastin Time

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

This large array of tests can be further subcategorized into sub-specialty:

CLINICAL CHEMISRTY I: deals with the

quantitative measurement of biochemical substances found in body fluids essentially blood.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRTY II:

The course is a continuation of Clinical Chemistry 1 and deals with the study of liver function tests, clinically significant enzymes, electrolytes, acidbase balance, blood gas parameters and tumor markers.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRTY III: The course is a continuation of Clinical Chemistry 2. The course includes Endocrinology, Toxicology and Drug Testing. Endocrinology deals with the study of the products of a group of structurally and functionally specialized glands and their action in maintaining the chemical integrity of cell environment. Toxicology involves the study of substances introduced exogenously into the body.

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY / BLOOD BANKING:

Immunohematology is more commonly known as "blood banking". This is the area of laboratory medicine dealing with preparing blood and blood components for transfusion as well as selection of appropriate, compatible components for transfusion.

Immunohematology (Blood Banking) deals with the study of immunologic principles applied in blood group specific antigens and antibodies and its application in transfusion medicine. It also deals with mechanisms of blood typing and crossmatching, detection and identification of antibodies, screening of donors for blood donation, bleeding techniques, preparation of blood components and blood products, their storage and disposal with emphasis on quality systems.

IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY:

Immunology deals with the study of the immune system and its components, characteristics, immune responses and its functions. Serology deals with the diagnostic identification of antibodies and antigens in the serum. Immunopathology and autoimmune diseases are also dealt with in the course.

Immunology and serology laboratories focus on: identifying antibodies (proteins made by a type of white blood cell in response to an antigen -- a foreign protein -- in the body). investigating problems with the immune system such as autoimmune diseases (when the bodys immune system turns on its own tissues) and immunodeficiency disorders (when a bodys immune system is underactive). determining organ compatibility for transplantation.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: histos "tissue", pathos "diseasessuffering", and -logia) refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides.

Process: Collection of tissues Histopathological examination of tissues starts with surgery, biopsy, or autopsy. The tissue is removed from the body or plant, and then placed in a fixative which stabilizes the tissues to prevent decay. The most common fixative is formalin (10% formaldehyde in water). Preparation of tissues / Tissue Processing method of fixation - chemical fixation or frozen section.