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Key issues for successful implementations David Drury V.P Technology Strategy
ATM
ATM
Traffic Engineering
SONET/SDH DWDM
Transmission
Topics
Traffic
Engineering in a Best Efforts IP network Traffic Engineering in a Multi-service IP network The design of a Label Switched Router
Benefits
Traffic
engineering places the traffic where the network is, maximizing revenue from a given capacity network It enables the support of premium services Premium services generate the most profitability. MPLS is a key technology in building a profitable New Public Network
CONGESTION
MASSIVE CONGESTION
CONGESTION
MASSIVE CONGESTION
Objectives
Map actual traffic efficiently to available resources Controlled use of resources Redistribute traffic rapidly and effectively in response to changes in network topology particularly as a consequence of line or equipment failure
Note
Optical Wavelengths SONET Trail ATM PVCs ATM Directed SPVCs MPLS Explicit Routed LSPs
Gbps
Linear*
Lowest
Mbps
Linear/Ring
Lowest
Kbps
Any
Low
Kbps
Any
Low
Kbps
Any
Medium
Future?
Now
Trials
MPLS or other?
PNNI MPLS RSVP or MPLS LDP
PNNI
Future
IETF
Trials
IETF
Trials
MPLS
MPLS
Traffic Engineering
Transmission
Smart Connections
Implementation techniques beyond the standard protocols that improve and automate traffic engineering
reduce operational costs Increase resilience reduce recovery time
Estimated
S
400Mbps @ 62.5% 400Mbps @ 60%
Bandwidth measurement
Augment
effective b/w utilization Distribute effective b/w with IGP Use as another constraint in the path computation process RESULT = more efficient Traffic distribution
Pacing
Failure
may affect 1,000s LSPs Pacing groups LSPs into priority order and reestablishes a group at a time Allows new resource consumption to be flooded before the next group is re-established Minimizes overall re-establishment time (by reducing connection failures) Makes new distribution closer to optimum
Fallback/Path
Optimization
continually re-checks for better paths Reverts to that better path Uses make before break to do so in a non-service affecting manner Under management control Can affect network stability if not done well
Result
Establishment of data driven LSPs Performance of advanced path computation algorithms Minimizing LSP fault recovery times Cross country re-route times measured at under 200msec Dynamic Headroom IGP scaling
Makes
100M 10M
1M
BANDWIDTH
1B 100M 10M 1M
0.1M
1M
10M
100M
1G
BANDWIDTH
1B 100M 10M 1M
0.1M
1M
10M
100M
1G
BANDWIDTH
1B 100M 10M 1M
Web Applications
0.1M 1M 10M 100M 1G
BANDWIDTH
1B 100M 10M 1M
BANDWIDTH
1B 100M 10M 1M
CoS IPPS
BANDWIDTH
CoS IPPS
BANDWIDTH
ASP
CoS IPPS
BANDWIDTH
ASP
CoS IPPS
BANDWIDTH
Critical Conclusion
effort to multi-service is the most important transition facing ISPs today Traffic engineering problem is the same as for a best effort network BUT Many more constraints on the path computation
e.g. EF - Peak frame rate, average frame rate, max burst size, loss sensitivity, delay, delay variation etc e.g. AF - Relative priority
Pre-computation
Scaling the path computation process Define common traffic profiles (sets of constraints) Pre-compute the paths for each profile Cache exception profiles Re-compute on change in network state. Path for a new LSP determined from the profile table . Tie break when more than one path exists (randomization along equally congested paths) RESULT = Connection time independent of network size
Many more requirements on the data plane of the LSR to isolate different traffic classes
Policing (metering) and marking Intelligent buffer management Per traffic class per port queuing Intelligent congestion management Three color RIO Per LSP scheduling and hierarchical shaping (LSPs within LSPs) Line rate performance Order 106 LSPs
Edge LSR
LSRs
at the edge of an MPLS domain have additional data and control plane requirements Interfaces between labeled and unlabeled IP packets Adds or pops labels as appropriate Classifies packets to Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FEC) Maps Diff-serv to MPLS LSPs Forwards unlabeled IP packets
LSR design
The
design of both the data and control plane of an LSR are critical to effective traffic engineering As the next sequence shows, much of the requirements derive from the current generation ATM switches in the core of the Internet and not the edge routers
OUTPUTS
10 - 40G Fabric(s)
OUTPUT BUFFER
STM-1/4/16
ATM
ATM
STM-1/4/16
OUTPUTS
10 - 40G Fabric(s)
OUTPUT BUFFER
STM-1/4/16
ATM
ATM
STM-1/4/16
OUTPUTS
10 - 40G Fabric(s)
OUTPUT BUFFER
STM-1/4/16 STM-1/4/16
ATM
ATM POS
STM-1/4/16 STM-1/4/16
POS
OUTPUTS
10 - 40G Fabric(s)
OUTPUT BUFFER
ATM POS
ATM
ATM
OUTPUTS
OUTPUT BUFFER
STM-1/4/16/64 STM-1/4/16/64
40 - 480G Fabric(s)
ATM POS
STM-1/4/16CH ATM
ATM
Summary
Traffic Engineering in a Best Efforts IP network Traffic Engineering in a Multi-service IP network The design of a Label Switched Router
Traffic
engineering places the traffic where the network is, maximizing revenue from a given capacity network It enables the support of premium services Premium services generate the most profitability. MPLS is a key technology in building a profitable New Public Network
is a $10B revenue, 45,000 employee global Telecoms supplier that has world class expertise at all levels of constructing the New Public Network Access (optical and copper) Transport (SDH SONET and DWDM) Switching and Routing (IP, MPLS, ATM,) Voice and Intelligent Network software Systems design installation and operation
Marconi
Thank you
David Drury Dmd@fore.com