Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Definition Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who come together to achieve particular objectives.
Classifying Groups
Command Groups
(1).Formal
group
Task Groups Interest Groups
(2).Informal
group
Friendship Groups
Security
Status
SelfEsteem
Affiliation
Power
Goal Achievement
Stage IV Performing
Stage V Adjourning
Identity
Expectations
Group Roles
Conflict Perception
18
Roles
According to Shakespeare all the world is a stage and all the men and women are players. similarly all the group members are actors. Role is defined as to engage in a set of expected behavior that are related to occupying a given positionin a social unit.
Role identity
Role Identity the ability to recognize attitudes and behaviors consistent with a role. When workers are promoted to supervisory positions vital changes are observed in their behavior with other workers.
Role conflict
Role conflict is that situation when there is much difference in role perception and role expectation. That is, people expect an individual to behave in one way and the individual perceives to behave in another way.
Cohesiveness
The degree to which members of the group are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group Related to the group s productivity
Disadvantages
More Diversity of Views Increased information Higher-quality decisions Improved Commitment acceptance
Dominant Individuals Unclear Responsibility Time and money costs Conformity pressures
25
Groupthink
Group shift
26
Symptoms of Groupthink
Group members when making any decision, ask for the agreement of all group members. Some individuals in the group, who have a difference of opinion, remain silent. They keep quiet in order to avoid any conflict among group members. Their silence is considered as yes, although their silence is meant as NO. In groupthink sometimes minority becomes victim of majority in decision making.
Group shift
When a manager makes any decision individually, then he is very careful and avoids all risks, because in case of failure he will be solely responsible for his decision. But when the same manager is the member of some group, then he is making more risky decisions. The reason is that in case of failure no single individual could be made responsible in group decision making. Thus in group decision making the position of a manager shifts from normal decisions to more risky decisions, called group shift