Types of Network

LAN Local Area Network MAN Metropolitan Area Network WAN Wide Area Network

LAN (Local Area Network)

A local area network may serve as few as two or three users (for example, in a home network) or many as thousands of users. Local-area networks (LANs) evolved around the PC revolution. LANs enabled multiple users in a relatively small geographical area to exchange files and messages, as well as to access shared resources such as file servers and printers.
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LAN (Local Area Network)

Is a group of computers and associated device that share a common communications line or wireless link and typically share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area (for example, within an College Building).

LAN (Local Area Network)

LAN consist of the following components: Computers Network interface cards Peripheral devices Networking media Network devices

LAN (Local Area Network) Characteristics

Topology The geometric arrangement of devices on the network or the shape of a localarea network (LAN) or other communications system.

LAN (Local Area Network) Characteristics

Protocols The rules and encoding specifications for sending data. The protocol defines the format and meaning of the data that is exchanged. The protocols also determine whether the network uses a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.

Protocols - Roles
Addressing and routing of messages Error detection Recovery Sequence and flow controls Example: HTTP protocol for communication between web browsers and servers.
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LAN (Local Area Network) Characteristics

Media Devices can be connected by twisted-pair wire, coaxial cables, or fiber optic cables. Some networks do without connecting media altogether, communicating instead via radio waves.

LAN (Local Area Network) Topology types

LAN (Local Area Network) Topology types

Bus topology: All devices are connected to a central cable, called the bus or backbone. Bus networks are relatively inexpensive and easy to install for small networks. Ethernet systems use a bus topology. In Simple way we can say us (All devices share a common wire to transmit and receive data through using an arbitration method.)
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Diagram of Bus Topology

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LAN (Local Area Network) Topology types

Star topology: All devices are connected to a central hub. Star networks are relatively easy to install and manage, but bottlenecks can occur because all data must pass through the hub. This is not much of a problem anymore with the widespread deployment of switches. At the central point we usually see a device generically called a hub or switch. 12

Diagram of Star Topology

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LAN (Local Area Network) Topology types

Ring topology: All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it. Ring topologies are relatively expensive and difficult to install, but they offer high bandwidth and can span large distances.
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LAN (Local Area Network) Topology types

A ring is created to which each device attaches. A special signal, called a token travels around the ring letting it know that it is that devices turn to transmit.

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Diagram of Ring Topology

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Wireless Topology
Not really a specific topology since a workstation in a wireless LAN can be anywhere as long as it is within transmitting distance to an access point Speeds up to 50 Mbps possible Workstations reside within a basic service set, while multiple basic service sets create an extended service set.
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Basic Wireless Network

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Simple LAN Connection College

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(MAN) - Metropolitan-area networks

A MAN usually consists of two or more LANs in a common geographic area. Typically, a service provider is used to connect two or more LAN sites using private communication lines or optical services. A MAN can also be created using wireless bridge technology by beaming signals across public areas.
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WAN (Wide Area Network)

WANs interconnect LANs, which then provide access to computers or file servers in other locations. Because WANs connect user networks over a large geographical area, they make it possible for businesses to communicate across great distances. WANs allow computers, printers, and other devices on a LAN to be shared with distant locations.
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WAN (Wide Area Network)

WANs provide instant communications across large geographic areas. Collaboration software provides access to real-time information and resources and allows meetings to be held remotely. WANs have created a new class of workers called telecommuters. These people never have to leave their homes to go to work.
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WAN Design
Operate over a large and geographically separated area. Allow users to have real-time communication capabilities with other users. Provide full-time remote resources connected to local services. Provide e-mail, Internet, file transfer, and e-commerce services.
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WAN Diagram

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Network Basic Cabling

Cables In the network you will commonly find three types of cables used these are the, coaxial cable, fiber optic, and twisted pair.

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Network Basic Cabling

Coaxial Cables: A single insulated inner wire is surrounded by a cylindrical conductor which is covered with a shield; it transmits electromagnetic signals. Coaxial cable is classified into two categories: baseband (uses digital signals) and broadband (uses analog signals) coaxial cable.
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Network Basic Cabling

Coaxial Cables: Thick Coaxial Cable, this type cable is usually yellow in color and used in what is called thick nets, and has two conductors. This coax can be used in 500meter lengths. The cable itself is made up of a solid center wire with a braided metal shield and plastic sheathing protecting the rest of the wire.
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Coaxial Cable: Diagram

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Network Basic Cabling

Thin Coaxial Cable, as with the thick coaxial cable is used in thick nets the thin version is used in thin nets. This type cable is also used called or referred to as RG-58. The cable is really just a cheaper version of the thick cab

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Coaxial Cable Specifications

Other Names: Yellow Cable, Thick wire Medium: Coaxial cable Data Rate:10 Mbps Segment Length: max. 500 m Users: max.100 Tranceivers/segment Termination:50 Ohm, 1 Watt Connection: via Tranceiver with Vampire tap
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Network Basic Cabling

Twisted Pair Cables: Two insulated copper wires twisted together in a regular spiral pattern; one pair establishes one communication link; it transmits electromagnetic signals. Twisted pairs are distinguished between shielded and unshielded twisted pairs according to their protection against electromagnetic fields.
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Network Basic Cabling

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), this is the most popular form of cables in the network and the cheapest form that you can go with. The UTP has four pairs of wires and all inside plastic sheathing. The biggest reason that we call it Twisted Pair is to protect the wires from interference from themselves. Each wire is only protected with a thin plastic sheath.
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Network Basic Cabling

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

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Network Basic Cabling

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP), is more common in high-speed networks. The biggest difference you will see in the UTP and STP is that the STP use's metallic shield wrapping to protect the wire from interference.

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Network Basic Cabling

Shielded Twisted Pair

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Twisted Pair Cable Specifications

Medium: 2-pair Category 5 Cable Data Rate: 10 Mbit/s (10BASE-T), 100 Mbit/s (100BASE-TX) Segment Length: max. 100 m (point-topoint) Connection: RJ45 Connector
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Network Basic Cabling

Fiber Optic: consists of three concentric sections, the core (a fiber conducting optical rays), the cladding (reflecting optical rays) and the jacket (surrounding one or many fibers to protect them); transmits optical signals, which must be transformed to electromagnetic signals

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Fiber Optic - Diagram

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Fiber Optic Cut View Cable

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Fiber Optics Specifications

Medium: 2 Fiber Pairs (50/125 or 62, 5/125) Data Rate:10 Mbit/s (10BASE-FL),100 Mbit/s (100BASE-FX) Segment Length: max. 2000 m (point-topoint) Connection: ST Connector (10-BASE-FL) Duplex SC Connector (100BASe-FX)
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Advantages and Disadvantages

Each transmission media has its own advantages and disadvantages. They differ in costs, capacity, possible length, and electromagnetic isolation. Which media to be chosen depends on three other characterization features of LANs: firstly, which topology is to be implemented. Secondly, which capacity and reliability are needed.
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Network Hardware - HUB

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Network Hardware - HUB

An unintelligent network device that sends one signal to all of the stations connected to it. Traditionally, hubs are used for star topology networks, but they are often used with other configurations to make it easy to add and remove computers without bringing down the network. Resides on Layer 1 of the OSI model
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Network Hardware - SWITCH

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Network Hardware - SWITCH

Split large networks into small segments, decreasing the number of users sharing the same network resources and bandwidth. Understands when two devices want to talk to each other, and gives them a switched connection

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Network Hardware - ROUTER

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Network Hardware - ROUTER

A device that connects any number of LANs. Uses standardized protocols to move packets efficiently to their destination. More sophisticated than bridges, connecting networks of different types (for example, star and token ring)

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Network Hardware - ROUTER

Forwards data depending on the Network address (IP), not the Hardware (MAC) address. Routers are the only one of these four devices that will allow you to share a single IP address among multiple network clients. Resides on Layer 3 of the OSI model.
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Thank You
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