LAN MARKIT AN LRBAN

IVILOPMINT IN RLSSIA
Leonid Limonov,
LeontieI Centre, St Petersboru, Rossiu
Urbun KnowIedge PIuLIorm, RussIu uuncI
WorksIop, Moscow, June
LI
, zo11
reakdown of the Iand resources of the
PussIan FederatIon by form of ownershIp
(2010, mIn ha, X)
!rIvatIzatIon of Iand In PussIa
W n LIe USSR, LIe sLuLe wus LIe sIngIe owner
W n 1, prIvuLe ownersIIp oI Iund wus procIuImed In LIe ConsLILuLIon oI
LIe RussIun ederuLIon, buL no mecIunIsms were In pIuce Lo ImpIemenL IL
W n zoo1, LIe und Code oI LIe RussIun ederuLIon (specIIvIng u mecIunIsm
Ior prIvuLIzuLIon) wus udopLed
W und Is LrunsIerred InLo LIe prIvuLe ownersIIp oI IndIvIduuIs us sIures In
Iormer coIIecLIve und cooperuLIve Iurms und Ior gurdenIng und IorLIcuILure
purposes
Source documenLs on LIe properLv regIsLruLIon ure dIspuruLe und IncompIeLe.
und sIures In coIIecLIve und cooperuLIve Iurms ure noL purceIed InLo IoLs und
cunnoL be LrunsucLed.
n zoo8, z=% oI Iund sIures were uncIuImed; LIe mujorILv oI cIuImed sIures were
neILIer purceIed nor regIsLered In LIe cudusLre -> Ience noL druwn InLo economIc
cIrcuIuLIon.
CosLs oI purceIIng und re-regIsLruLIon oI LILIes Is Loo IIgI Ior peopIe und LIe
procedure Is LIme-consumIng und cumbersome.
$tate and munIcIpaI ownershIp of Iand In
PussIa
W State and municipal ownership oI land should be broken down into Iederal,
regional and municipal ownership
-~ conIlict oI interest
-~ low rates oI the demarcation oI land plots
-~ till 2011, only about 20 oI the state and municipal lands were demarcated
-~ land is not drawn into the economic circulation
W Lands that can be transacted account Ior 7 oI the demarcated state and municipal
lands (1.3 oI Russia`s total land resources), with the remaining 93 being the
lands oI Iorest and water resource lands and lands under special protection that are
excluded Irom the market
!ercentage of prIvateIy owned Iands In the constItuent
entItIes of the PussIan FederatIon featurIng the Iowest
and the hIghest Investment rIsk, 2008
nvestment risk ranking
in the Russian
Federation
Constituent entity oI the
Russian Federation
Percentage oI privately
owned lands,
Regions with the lowest investment risk:
1 Lipetsk Region 63.0
2 Krasnodar Krai 47.1
3 Rostov Region 64.6
4 St.Petersburg 16.9
5 Penza Region 46.6
6 Moscow 2.0
7 Voronezh Region 58.0
Regions with the highest investment risk:
75 Nenets Autonomous District 0.001
76 Dagestan Republic 0.04
77 Kalmyk Republic 13.5
78 Kamchatka Region 0.11
79 Magadan Region 0.007
80 Chukot Autonomous
District
0
81 Tyva Republic 0.29
82 ngush Republic 0.19
83 Chechen Republic 0.05
#:88,
W %he 07 is the
percentage of privately
owned lands in a
region, the 407 is
the investment risk
W %he 407 is the
percentage of privately
owned lands in a
region, the 07 is
the investment risk
ssues of the Iand market deveIopment In
PussIa
W PrIvuLe owners Iuve no IncenLIves Lo geL LIeIr Iund pIoLs regIsLered (LIme
und monev consumIng)
W %Ie greuLesL percenLuge oI prIvuLeIv owned Iunds Is sIures In Iormer
coIIecLIve und cooperuLIve Iurms (zq% oI LIose ure uncIuImed und noL
pIvsIcuIIv demurcuLed)
W nIv ;.% oI RussIun Iunds ure IncIuded In LIe murkeL cIrcuIuLIon.
W %Ie InLroducLIon oI LIe und Code Ius noL brougIL ubouL u cIunge In LIe
ruLIo beLween Iorms oI Iund ownersIIp (LIe percenLuge oI prIvuLeIv owned
Iunds wus ;.= % In zoo1 und ubouL 8 % In zo1o).
Cfpykfypa co6cfseuuocfn ua sennk s Poccnn,

ac)uas co6c)seuuoc)b, s )..: 24,3 2S,8 7,7
dusueckux nuu 37,4 84,8 34,6
kpuaueckux nuu 2,6 1S,S S,4
Kpec)bsuckas uaaenbuas 31,0 3S,1
Focyaapc)seuuas, uepkosuas,
ypeaeuu
(s 2008 - rocyaapc)seuuas u
Myuuuunanbuas)
44,1 33,1 32,3
*Epnea H.R. Hcfp Pcc / Becf Caf-Refepyprcr
yeepcfefa. Cep. 5 B. 3 (N 19), c. 9
** Eae 4enepar arefcfea anacfpa efe enecf
(www.kadastr.ru)
reakdown of Iand resources In $t. !etersburg
by form of ownershIp as of 1.01.2010; thousand
ha, X
Pacpeneee 1c1e acee n Rape Mapcee. 1992r.
Pacpeneee 1c1e acee n Ca1-Re1epypre Mcne. 1992r.
aa cea r aa e aecc y aa c pa
6a- p6y pr a
0
2000
1000
000
8000
10000
12000
11000
0 10 20 30 10 50 0 Z0
paccte a etpa.

a
a

a
a
.

t

c
.

s
.

19Z9 ra 2010 ra 2 e 1 tp |2010 ra) 2 e 1 tp |19Z9 ra)

aa cea r aa e aecc y aa c pa rpaa
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 10 20 30 10 50 0 Z0
paccte t etpa.

a
a

a
a
.

t

c
.

s
.

19Z9 ra
2010 ra
2 e 1 tp
|2010 ra)
2 e 1 tp
|19Z9 ra)
an6onee cyuecfseuuue casnrn s cfpykfype
sennenonbsosaunn CBefep6ypra sa
19872007 rr.,
1387 r. * 2007 r. **
Aksa)opus (soaube o6Lek)b) 10 4
Xunas u o6mec)seuuas sac)poka 21 16
3eneube uacaaeuus o6mero nonbsosauus 16 S
Heunas sac)poka 16 22
W* Rcfa a cee: Hapne xcfe Perpana Perpanc acf a 70 ef. Cfaf. c. - 1987; Feepa a
paef r. Perpana Perpanc acf a epn n 2005 r. (http://www.niipg.ru/)
** Rcfa a cee: nae 4enepar arefcfea anacfpa efe enecf rpny Caf-Refepypry
(http://www.kzr.spb.ru/info_landstructure.asp)
$tudy of procedures and .48t8 reIating t4 pur.ha8ing
Iand pI4t8 and 4-taining .4n8tru.ti4n permit8
in St. Peter8-urg
W O-e.tive - unuIvze LrunsucLIon cosLs (LIme und monev
expendILure, orgunIzuLIonuI und IeguI burrIers Ior poLenLIuI
InvesLors)
W Method In-depLI InLervIews wILI proIessIonuIs oI LIe Iund und
consLrucLIon murkeLs (11 consLrucLIon compunIes und consuILuncv
IIrms)
W TimeIrume cLober - December zoo
ey outcomes of the study: Assessment of procedures
reIatIng to purchasIng Iand pIots for constructIon
W Purchosing lond [rom o prioote ouner %Ie IowesL rIsk und LIe IowesL LIme
expendILure
W Leose on o "complete pockoge" bosis - ow rIsk, buL oILen unproIILubIe Ior
InvesLors, becuuse documenLs ure prepured Ior u specIIIc compunv
W Leose on o "short pockoge" bosis IgI rIsk, buL u possIbIIILv Lo geL u IreeIoId
or q-veur IeuseIoId oI Iund uL mucI Iower cosL LIun wIen IL Is purcIused
W Auctions ccusIonuI; pIuns oI puLLIng Iunds up Ior uucLIon cIunge durIng u veur;
uucLIon unnouncemenLs ure pubIIsIed 1 monLI prIor Lo LIe uucLIon
W
W Suroeg uork RIsk oI IosIng u pIoL upon LIe expIruLIon; IIgI poLenLIuI Ior
corrupLIon; u possIbIIILv Lo sLreLcI InvesLmenL
ey outcomes of the study: The downsIde of
constructIon projects approvaI
W A time-consuming procedure o[ opproool oI consLrucLIon projecLs
regurdIess oI LIeIr compIexILv (mInImum -1o monLIs beLween obLuInIng u
deveIopmenL pIun oI Iund und u consLrucLIon permIL; or z Lo z.= veurs wIere
u sILe pIunnIng projecL Is requIred) <- muILIpIe uuLIorILIes; order oI
upprovuI; dIspuruLe sLundurds und reguIuLIons Ior dIIIerenL uspecLs oI
consLrucLIon
W High [inonciol costs (on uveruge, 1o% oI u consLrucLIon budgeL
purcIuse oI Iund, o.=-z% - desIgn upprovuI; zo-o% wIere u sILe pIunnIng
projecL Is requIred. nIormuI cosLs oI desIgn upprovuI muv reucI zo-=o% oI
LIe cosLs oI desIgn und oIIIcIuI upprovuI procedure)
W Complex interoctions uith utilities enterprises (enenergo JSC,
GUP VodokunuI, GUP %K SPb, PeLerburgguz C)
ey outcomes of the study: Assessment of
IegIsIatIve changes
Positive aspects:
W The General Plan oI St. Petersburg (2005) and the Land Use and
Development Regulations (2009) adopted
W Planned abandonment oI 'survey work
~ Transparency oI decision-making by executive authorities
egative aspects:
W Laws are changed Irequently
W The Federal Law 'On Applications oI ndividuals (2006)
W Cancellation oI the special-purpose allotment oI lands Ior residential
construction (2004)
W nvestors have to develop site planning proiects by themselves, unless it
has been approved Ior a block where construction is planned
HTAK:
B COOTBETCTBHH C PLHKOM -
-POCT C4EPL OECPYXHBAHH H XHP, HX PA3HOOEPA3HE
- YRPOTHEHHE 3ACTPOHKH
RPOCTPAHCTBEHHLE HEBOCTATKH (HACREBHE RPOLROFO H PE3YRTATL
RORHTHK )
- HE44EKTHBHOE HCROP3OBAHHE 3OHL RPOMLLPEHHOFO ROCA
- OTCTABAHHE B PA3BHTHH OELECTBEHHOFO TPAHCROPTA, EOPOXHOH CETH H
HHLX HH4PACTPYKTYP
OBLHE TPYBHOCTH YCRELHOFO PA3BHTH
- CPAEA KOHOMHKA
- CPOXHOE, RPOTHBOPE-HBOE H H3MEH-HBOE 3AKOHOEATEPCTBO
- TPAHCAKUHOHHLE 3ATPATL
- HEKA-ECTBEHHOE MEXEBAHHE
- YCTAHOBKH FOPOXAH
HTO ELE HCCREBOBAT?
- KAKOH CUEHAPHH PA3MELEHH XHP H MRT HAHEOPEE 44EKTHBEH
(TPAHCROPTHOE BPEM, 3ATPATL)?
- KAK CHH3HT CTOHMOCT XHP? KAK YRPOCTHT RPOUEEYPL?
- KAK YBEPH-HT POP OELECTBEHHOFO TPAHCROPTA?
- KAK YBEPH-HT RPEEPOXEHHE 3EMPH ROE 3ACTPOHKY (-EPE3 RPHBATH3AUH H
4OPMHPOBAHHE KOHKYPEHTHOFO 3EMEPHOFO PLHKA)?