Ethacure Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins and Isocyantes

Liquid Aromatic Diamines

Presented by Paul Wiggins Albemarle Corporation On 01/28/02

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Introduction
Ethacure curing agents are used as a curing agents for epoxy resins and as curatives for isocyanates. Their properties, performance in epoxy resins and isocyanates, and markets will be covered in this presentation.

Ethacure

100 Curing Agent

NH2

NH 2

NH2

NH2

80 : 20 Isomer Ratio

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Ethacure

300 Curative

NH2

S
NH2

80 : 20 Isomer Ratio

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Properties of Ethacure Curatives

E100 E300

Viscosity at 20C B. P. (@1 mmHg) Density at 20C Epoxy Eq. Wt. PU Eq. Wt.

326 cP 126C 1.02 44.6 g/eq 89.2g/eq

691cP 146C 1.2 53.5g/eq 107g/eq

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Color Development of Ethacure 100 Upon Air Exposure

18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 Time (days) Nitrogen at room temp. 1:1 Air:E100 at 54C 3:1 Air:E100 at 54C 20 25 30

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Gardner Color

Epoxy
Chemistry and Properties for Ethacure 100

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The Aromatic Diamine-Epoxy Reaction

O H2N -A r-N H 2 O C H2-C H -C H2-O -A r-O -C H -C H -C H 2

Aromatic Diamine

Epoxy Resin

OH Ar-O-CH2-CH-CH2 N-Ar-N OH Ar-O-CH -CH-CH2 2

OH CH 2 -CH-CH -O-Ar 2 OH CH2-CH-CH -O-Ar 2

Crosslinked Epoxy Thermoset

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Starting Formulation for Ethacure 100

The equivalent weight of Ethacure 100 can be calculated by dividing the molecular weight by four: 178.2/4 = 44.6 g/eq. A typical epoxy resin has a WPE of 189 g/eq. The theoretical amount of Ethacure 100 to use is: (44.6 / 189) X 100 = 23.6 phr An optimum use level can be obtained by measuring the most important property at various concentrations.
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Optimum Concentration
Deflection emperature C 7 WP WP

Concentration phr

Optimum level for maximum temperature performance is 24 and 25.5 phr for resins with WPEs of 189 and 183 g/eq. respectively.
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Long Working Life

Viscosity (cP)

P = P =

ime ( o rs)

Ethacure 100-epoxy systems provide long working lives at 25C.

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Initial Mix Viscosity

i co ity cP

emperat re C

Initial mix viscosity of Ethacure 100-epoxy resin(WPE=183g/eq) at various temperatures.

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Longer Pot Life

Viscosity (cP)

M A System t ac re

ime ( o rs)

Ethacure 100-epoxy(WPE=183) system provides a longer pot life than an MDA-epoxy system. Data from system in bath at 42C.
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Tg Development

C C C C

( C) ime ( o rs)
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Conversion

Conversion (%)

C C C C

ime ( o rs)

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Tg Development

C C C C C

( C) ime ( o rs)
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Conversion

Conversion (%)

C C C C C

ime ( o rs)

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Gel Times

Gel ime (min)

emperat re ( C)

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Mechanical Properties of Unfilled Castings

Epoxy Resin(WPE=183) 100 phr Ethacure 100 25.5 phr Excess, % Tensile strength, psi Tensile modulus, psi Elongation, % Tg (C) 5 9,400 389,000 4.3 188 100 phr 30 phr 23 11,100 390,000 6.8 167

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Properties at Elevated Temperatures

Ethacure 100 (25.5 phr)/Epoxy Resin(WPE=183) Test temperature 23C 100C Tensile strength, psi Tensile modulus, psi Elongation, % Flexural Strength, psi Flexural Modulus, psi 10,000 360,000 4.4 17,000 370,000 8,000 290,000 5.4 13,000 280,000

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Acetone Boil (3hr) of Unfilled Castings

Epoxy Resin (WPE = 189) Ethacure 100 100 phr 24 phr

% weight gain 1.6 % Flexural strength retention 90 % Flexural modulus retention 85

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Water Boil (24hr) of Unfilled Castings

Epoxy Resin (WPE = 189) Ethacure 100 100 phr 24 phr

% weight gain 1.4 % Flexural strength retention 92 % Flexural modulus retention 93

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Properties With Multifunctional Resins

Novolac Resin (WPE=179) Ethacure 100 Tensile strength, psi Tensile modulus, psi Elongation, % Flexural Strength, psi Flexural Modulus, psi Deflection Temperature (C)
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100 phr 25 phr 8,200 450,000 2.2 17,000 470,000 228

Summary
Ethacure 100 is a liquid aromatic diamine which has a long working life when reacted with epoxy resins. The cured epoxy has a high Tg, good mechanical properties and good chemical resistance.

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Polyurethanes
Chemistry and Properties

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Where to Get More Information

For more information about Ethacure products contact: Jeff Rogers
Phone: (225)388-7562 Email: jeffery_rogers@albemarle.com

Paul Wiggins
Phone: (225)768-5732 Email: paul_wiggins@albemarle.com

Bill Brown
Phone: (225)768-5616 Email: bill_brown@albemarle.com

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