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Organizational Behavior
11th Edition
Contrast
Repetition
Selective Screening
Perceptual Errors
Projection Halo effect Self-fulfilling prophecy Pygmalion effect
Chapter 3: PowerPoint 3.7
Stereotyping
Organizational Behavior
11th Edition
Explain the role of classical and operant conditioning in fostering learning Describe the contingencies of reinforcement that influence behavior List the four schedules of reinforcement and explain when each is effective Describe how social learning theory explains the development of behaviors
Chapter 4: PowerPoint 4.1
CONSEQUENCES
YES
Antecedent (precedes the behavior Employee Task Behavior
Pleasant Event
Positive reinforcement
Omission
Unpleasant Event
Punishment
Chapter 4: PowerPoint 4.5
Negative reinforcement
Pay Pay raises Stock options Profit sharing Deferred compensation Bonuses/bonus plans Incentive plans Expense accounts
Company automobiles Health insurance plans Pension contributions Vacation and sick leave Recreation facilities Child-care support Club privileges Parental leave
Corner offices Offices with windows Carpeting Drapes Paintings Watches Rings Private restrooms
Praise Developmental feedback Smiles, pats on the back, other nonverbal signals Requests for suggestions Invitations to coffee/ lunch Wall plaques
Sense of achievement Jobs with more responsibility Job autonomy/self-direction Performing important tasks
Self-congratulation Self-recognition Self-praise Self-development through expanded knowledge/skills Greater sense of selfworth
Antecedent
Punishment by manager
Praise in public, punish in private Pinpoint and specifically describe the undesirable behavior to be avoided Develop alternative desired behavior Balance the use of pleasant and unpleasant events
Chapter 4: PowerPoint 4.9
Do not reward all employees the same Consider consequences of both actions and non-actions Make employees aware of the behaviors to be reinforced Let employees know what they are doing wrong Do not punish in front of others Make the managerial response equal to workers behavior
Chapter 4: PowerPoint 4.10
Symbolizing
Self-efficacy Social learning Self-control Vicarious learning Forethought
Self-Efficacy at Work
HIGH
I know I can do the job and have outstanding quality Set goals Preserve/practice Creatively solve problems Visualize success Learn from failure
Past Accomplishments
Performance of Others
Self-efficacy
LOW
Emotional State
Avoid difficult tasks Think of excuses for failing Develop low aspirations I dont think I can do the job on time and have Quit Blame setbacks on outstanding quality lack of ability or luck Chapter 4: PowerPoint 4.13