Made By: Tushar Singla

Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women and girls, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life.

More violent forms, such as femicide, acid attacks, and murders, femicide, abductions, abductions, defilement and forced early marriages, Military slavery, as a weapon of war, trafficking in women slavery, and girls and ill-treatment of widows have become more widespread. ill-

Obtaining data on violence against women use these to show the economic and social cost of VAW as well as emotional and psychological impact on the affected person It is important that the extent, nature and root causes of such violence are well-documented. By analyzing such information, concrete steps can be taken, both legal and charitable, to reduce the occurrence of such violence and reduce its effects.

Increase access to opportunities for women- empower women to avoid abusive relationships - empower women, free them to leave behind abusive relationships Build capabilities of women- including physical capabilities/ create awareness/ prevention programmes/ crisis counselling & support groups

THE UN has identified violence against women and girls "the most pervasive" human rights violation that we know today. Statistics from the world over, paint a clear picture of the social and health consequences of violence against women. According to the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), violence against women is a major cause of death and disability for women aged 16 to 44 years

Background: Facts about India Place of Women in Indian Society Indian Women in Modern Times

Education Employment Empowerment

Trivia: Famous Faces Indian Women Introspection

Education Literacy
Gender gaps: x Differences across states (Kerala has highest female literacy; Rajasthan, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have the lowest) x Differences between rural and urban areas x Parental preference for boys going to school x Higher dropout rate among girls

1971 1991 2003

Female 22% 39% 48%

Male 46% 64% 70%

Education
Gender gaps in higher education x About 1 percent of total women population has college education x Women account for a third of the students at college/university level x In engineering and business, the proportion of female students is much smaller x In education, nearly half of the students are women

Barriers to Female Education

Poverty: one-fourth of Indias population lives

below the poverty line (2002) Social values and parental preferences Inadequate school facilities Shortage of female teachers: 29 percent at the primary level and 22 percent at the university level (1993) Gender bias in curriculum

Employment
Difficult to get an overall picture of employment among women in India
x Most women work in the informal sector

Women accounted for only 23 percent of the total workers in the formal sector in 1991 The number of female workers has increased faster than the number of male workers Female unemployment rates are similar to male unemployment rates

Barriers to Female Employment

Cultural Restrictions
x Hierarchical society (caste system) x Purdah system: the veiling and seclusion of women

Discrimination at Workplace
x More prevalent in fields where male competition is high x Less prevalent in fields where competition is low

Lack of employment opportunities

Empowerment Social Empowerment

Education x There is no direct relationship between education and work force participation; but may affect their participation in household decision making Economic Independence: x Economic independence does not imply significant improvement in social standing x Culture and tradition play an important role x A small fraction has opened up towards Western values

Economic Empowerment
Property Rights x Patriarchal society Economic Decision Making x In the household x In businesses

Political Empowerment
Representation in democratic institutions Government reservations policy for women:

the constitutional amendment of 1990s

Faces of an Indian woman

Wife Mother Sister Bread earner Compassionate member of the society

The origin of a child is a mother, a woman. .she shows a man what sharing, caring, and loving is all about. That is the essence of a woman." Sushmita Sen, Miss Universe 1994

but that is just a beginning.

Women specific Legislations Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 The Maternity Benefit Act 1961 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 The Commission of Sati (Prevention)Act, 1987 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

1985- Ministry of Human Resource Development set up Department for Women and Child Development constituted in HRD Ministry 27 major women specific schemes identified for monitoring to assess quantum of funds/benefits flowing to women

The Eighth Plan (1992-97) for the first time highlighted the need to ensure a definite flow of funds from general developmental sectors to women It commented: special programmes on women should complement the general development programmes. programmes. The latter in turn should reflect greater gender sensitivity sensitivity

Womens Component Plan- 30% of funds were sought to be ear-marked in all women related sectors inter-sectoral review and multi-sector approach Special vigil to be kept on the flow of the earmarked funds/benefits Quantifies performance under Womens Component Plan in Ninth Plan-Approach Paper Tenth Plan indicates 42.9% of gross budgetary support in 15 women related Ministries/Departments has gone to women

commitment to gender budgeting to establish its gender-differential impact and to translate gender commitments into budgetary commitments. Aims at initiating immediate action in tying up the two effective concepts of Women Component Plan (WCP) and Gender Budgeting to play a complementary role to each other, and thus ensure both preventive and post-facto action in enabling women to receive their rightful share from all the women-related general development sectors.
y Reinforces

Women availing services of public utilities like road transport, power, water and sanitation, telecommunication etc. Training of women as highly skilled workers- top end skills Research/Technology for women Women in the work force Asset ownership by women Women as Entrepreneurs

Implementation of Laws like

Equal remuneration Minimum Wages Factories Act

Infrastructure for women like

Water and sanitation at workplace Creches Working Women Hostels Transport services Security

20052005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS(NFHS-3)

Not only are fewer women than men literate but fewer are also regularly exposed to media

Percentage of men and women age 15-19 regularly exposed to print media, TV, radio, or cinema
Men Women Gender Disparity

88% 71% 19%

Occupational Distribution (%) Type of worker Professional Sales Service Production Agricultural Other Women Men

7 4 7 22 59 2

7 14 5 37 33 4

Market Health facility laces outside the village/community All three places None of the three places
4 33 38

51

48

The m ajority of wom hav little freedomof en e m em ov ent. Only one-third go aloneto all three destinations: the m arket, health facility and outside the v illage or com unity m .

Women are disadvantaged absolutely and relative to men in terms of access to education, media exposure, and employment for cash. The majority of married women do not have the final say on the use of their own earnings or all other household decisions asked about. Traditional gender norms, particularly those concerning wife beating, remain strongly entrenched.

Thank You