LAB PRESENTATION SEPARATION PROCESS 2

GROUP 14: TRAY DRYER MOHD SYAZWAN BIN MOHD PATANI 13170 MUHAMMAD AZAM BIN ARIFFIN 13180 NUR AINDA BINTI MOHD BUKHARI 13307 NURYIHAN CHAPAKIYA 11800 MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN BIN MOHAMMAD ZAKI 13239 MUHAMMAD SYAHIR AIZAT BIN MOHD KHAIRUDDIN 13257 LAB DEMONSTRATOR: MR ZAKIR

ABSTRACT
Introduction Objectives Experimental procedures Results Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

DRYING Reducing moisture content Method of preserving food Microorganisms unable to grow Enzymes promote undesired changes in the chemical composition of the food cannot function without water

APPLICATIONS Industrial spray dryer Steam tube dryer Rotary dryer Vertical thin film dryer Freeze dryer Fluid bed dryer

INTRODUCTION

EFFECT OF PROCESS VARIABLE ON CONSTANT RATE PERIOD Velocity Gas temperature Gas humidity Effect of thickness of solid being dried Experimental effect

Tray Dryer (Model: BP772) Student laboratory training programmes Resembles the most commonly used industrial methods of drying solids

INTRODUCTION

THEORY

The drying rate of wet solid in air changes throughout the drying period since the controlling factors are different for each major section of the drying rate curve. However, many wet different for each major section of drying rate is essentially constant and: R c a h v ( T v Ti )

Where, R c = drying rate during constant rate period

hv = total heat transfer coefficient (essentially convective) Tv = temp. of the drying gas (dry bulb) Ti = temp. of liquid/gas interface (wet bulb)

Extensive experimental results (Sebord 1993) suggest that for air drying: h v a Gv 0.8

where G = air mass velocity

PROCEDURES

Repeat the experiment and switch heater power to point B

RESULT AND CALCULATION

Time Dry bulb Relative (min) temperature humidity (%) , Tv (oC) Wet bulb Tv -Ti Wet sand Moisture Drying temperature (oC) weight content, Rate (kg) Xe (kg/min) , Ti (oC)

Experiment A: Effect of air temperature Heater power control = Point A Air velocity = 11.3 m/s Weight of dry sand 0.4783 kg
Time (min) Dry bulb temperature, Tv (oC) 39.1 39.1 39.4 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 Relative humidity (%) 97.47 97.40 97.39 98.35 98.65 97.98 97.66 97.66

=
Wet sand weight (kg) 0.4815 0.4806 0.4800 0.4795 0.4791 0.4788 0.4785 0.4783 Moisture content, Xe 0.0067 0.0048 0.0036 0.0025 0.0017 0.0010 0.0004 0.0000 Drying Rate (kg/min)

Wet bulb Tv -Ti (oC) oC) temperature, Ti ( 38.2 38.3 38.6 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21

0.0028827 0.002528 0.002526 0.002524 0.002523 0.002525 0.002525 0.002525

Heater power control = point B Air velocity = 11.3 m/s Weight of dry sand = 0.4783 kg
18 15 12 9 6 3 0 Time (min) 49 48 7 46 9 44 6 39.0 Dry bulb temperature, Tv (oC) 97 69 96 87 95.51 Relative 06 55 humidity (%) 47 3 46 6 45 4 43 1 37.9 Wet bulb 7 1v5 T.1 -Ti Wet sand 3 4 0.4812 4783 4785 4790 4795 4802 temperature, Ti (oC) weight (kg) (oC)
0.003481 00405 00436 00469 004703 0.0061 Moisture 0000 0004 0015 0025 0040 Drying Rate content, Xe (kg/min)

Experiment B: Effect of air velocity Air velocity = 39.6m/s Weight of dry sand = 0.4783 kg Fan velocity control: Point B
Time (min) Dry bulb temperature, Tv (oC) 41.1 38.2 37.3 37.2 37.0 37.0 Relative humidity (%) Wet bulb temperature, Ti (oC) 40.3 37.7 36.8 36.6 36.5 36.5 Tv -Ti (oC) Wet sand weight (kg) Moisture content, Xe Drying Rate (kg/min)

0 3 6 9 12 15

98.32 98.79 99.12 98.53 99.13 99.13

0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5

0.4810 0.4797 0.4791 0.4787 0.4783 0.4783

0.0056 0.0029 0.0017 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000

0.03425 0.02260 0.02304 0.02771 0.02318 0.02318

DISCUSSIONS
In our experiment, we focus here:Experiment 1 : Effect of temperature on the drying rate (Fixed air velocity) Experiment 2 : Effect of air velocity on the drying rate (Fixed temperature and humidity)

Experiment 1A Heat power control: Point A Air velocity = 11.3 m/s

Experiment 1B Heat power control: Point B Air velocity = 11.3 m/s

Heat supply Rate of drying Theoretical drying rate curve Constant period Falling period Critical moisture content

Experiment2A Heat power control: Point B Air velocity = 11.3 m/s Experiment2B Heat power control: Point B Air velocity = 39.6 m/s

Velocity rate of drying For moisture content, it is inverse proportional to time Moisture content reduced during the drying process, until the moisture of solid is equal equilibrium moisture

Exp1B takes less time for moisture content to become zero that Exp1A air temperature effect

Exp2B take takes less time for moisture content to become zero that Exp2b air velocity effect

Theoretical moisture content curve

Moisture content in solid

First falling rate period

b) second falling rate period

d) finish drying process

ERROR AND RECOMMENDATION

ERROR There is fluctuating of temperature of the hot air blowing in. This can affect the process of drying because rate of evaporation inside the tray drier also will be fluctuating if the hot air temperature is not constant. The water is sprayed on a certain concentrated portion of the sand making the evaporation of the water less and thus affecting the data recorded. Some dirt and heavy dust particles may rest on the weight balance whose pan is placed at the top, and thus giving some error value to the weight of the tray.

RECOMMENDATION Average value should be taken to obtain more accurate results. The values of temperature and relative humidity should be taken at least three times and get the average values. The wet and dry bulb temperature sensor must be calibrated before experiment is done to obtain better readings. The sand has to be sprayed evenly on the surface, and not the inner part of the sand.

CONCLUSION

Drying rate is directly proportional to the air temperature and the air velocity. When the temperature increases, the drying rate is higher. As the air velocity increase, the rate of drying is examined to be increase as well. From this experiment, we can conclude that heat supply and air velocity are the two factors influencing the drying rate. The objectives of the experiment are