PROCEDURE
TrAILEr SUSPENSION
SYSTEMS STANDArD
SErVICE WHEEL-END
SUBJECT: Hub Maintenance Procedures
LIT NO: L496
DATE: November rEVISION:
2022 L
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Important Safety Notices
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��4 Preparing
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Preparing Trailer for Maintenance Service
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removing and Installing Hub
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Hub and Outer Bearing Assembly - Semi Fluid Grease � �
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2 20 Hub Semi Fluid Grease Dam
L496
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� 20 Making a Hub Semi Fluid
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES
IMPOr TANT SAFETY NOTICES IMPORTAN An operating procedure, practice or
Hendrickson literature number T12007 Technical T: condition that is essential to
Procedure General Safety Precautions and Information emphasize�
, available at www�Hendrickson-intl�com/TrailerLit, or
includes important preparation, precautionary Safety Alert Symbol used to
and safety information pertaining to the procedures indicate a condition exists that, if
included in this document� not avoided, may result in
personal injury or harm to
To help prevent personal injury and equipment individuals� It must be applied to
damage; warnings, cautions and other relative DANGER, WARNING and CAUTION
statements included in Hendrickson literature
HYPErLINKSstatements, which emphasize
number T12007 are to be read carefully and Hyperlinks are severity�
identified by a dark grey line under
applied during the performance of the the linked text� Internal links allow the reader to
procedures included in this document. jump to a heading, step or page in this
document� External
Improper maintenance, service or repair can cause links open the website or document referenced�
damage to the vehicle and other property, While viewing electronically, activate the hyperlink
personal injury, unsafe operating conditions and by clicking on the underlined text�
potentially void the manufacturer’s warranty�
CONTACTING HENDrICKSON
Contact Hendrickson Trailer Technical Services
CONVENTIONS APPLIED for technical assistance as needed�To do
IN THIS DOCUMENT so, several options are available�Technical
Various techniques are used in this Services must be contacted before performing
document to convey
any warranty related service�
important information, express safety issues,
provide methods for CONTACTING HENDRICKSON NOTE: DO NOT service a suspension or any
and how to identify and apply HYPERLINKS� component that is under warranty without
first contacting Hendrickson Technical
EXPLANATION OF SIGNAL WOrDS Prior to Services�
contacting Technical Services, it is best
Hazard signal words (such as DANGER, WARNING or to have the following information about the
CAUTION) appear in various locations throughout vehicle and Hendrickson suspension available (all
this publication� Information accented by one of that apply):
these signal words must be observed at all times� • Hendrickson suspension information, (refer to
Additional notes are utilized to emphasize areas of L977 Suspension and Axle Identification) –
procedural importance and provide suggestions for – Suspension model number
ease of repair� The following definitions comply with – Suspension serial number
ANSI Z535�6 and indicate the use of safety signal
– Approximate number of suspension miles
words as they appear throughout the
DANGEr Indicates a hazardous situation
publication� • Trailer information (located on VIN plate) -
that, if not avoided, will result in – Type (van, reefer, flat bed, etc���)
death or serious injury� – Manufacturer
– VIN (vehicle identification number)
WArNING Indicates a hazardous situation – In-service date 1
that, if not avoided, could result in
– Fleet/owner name
death or serious injury�
– Unit #
CAUTION Indicates a hazardous situation
that, if not avoided, could result in
minor or moderate injury�
L496
L 3
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
• Failure information Other relative literature may
– Description of the system problem, the part include:
LIT NO� DESCrIPTION
number and/or the part description of the L583 Comprehensive Warranty Statement
reported non-functioning part� L578 Suspension Preventive Maintenance Guide
– Date of failure� L974 Drum Brake Maintenance Procedures, heading
– Where applicable, location of problem on “RETRACTING THE BRAKE SHOES OR SLACK
suspension / trailer (e�g�, road side, front ADJUSTER CONTROL ARM(S)”
axle, rear axle, curb side rear, etc�)� T71004 Hub and Rotor Assembly and Caliper
Mounting Procedures
• Digital photos of suspension and damaged T72013 Approved Lubricants
areas�
T82006 Stud Replacement Procedure
• Special application approval
documentation (if applicable)� Table 1: Relative wheel-end literature
Hub seal
Inner Bearing
HN
Stemco® PRO-TORQ®
spindle one-piece spindle
Standard Service (conventional) nut
hub: Aluminum, Ductile iron or
Dura-Light Hub® Cotte
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Castle key
nut
Castle
nut
washer
Outer
bearing Hubcap
Hub lube fill oil fill
Roto port
plug and
r
port, if
included
Air disc brake (ADB)
hub and rotor
assembly 3-piece nut system Hubcap
• Inner adjusting nut gasket 4-piece nut system (HN
• Lock washer/set • Inner adjusting Hubcap
screw only)
nut
• Outer jam nut • Lock washer
• Star lock washer
• Outer jam nut
Figure 1: Hendrickson’s Standard Service wheel-end parts
identification
INTrODUCTION All components are field serviceable, however, no
Hendrickson’s Standard Service Hub Assembly ( service of any kind should be attempted without
Figure 1) is a basic hub that applies conventional first CONTACTING HENDRICKSON�
assembly processes defined in this document� For Recommendations
this process, components (hub, seal, inner and for preventative maintenance practices are listed
outer bearings) are specified and individually in Hendrickson literature number L578
assembled, one at a time, onto the spindle (or Suspension Preventive Maintenance Guide�
into the hub bore)� NOTICE Accessory-type hubcaps, such as
The Standard Service wheel-end includes the chrome “top hat” style
components available from Hendrickson, but hubcap,
specified by the customer� Whereas increase wheel-end temperatures
Hendrickson’s Extended Life wheel- ends are during operation and are not
Hendrickson specified by RTR (Ready-to-Roll) model recommended
and factory installed at Hendrickson� Each are for use on Hendrickson Standard
NOTE: Hendrickson recommends
or Extended ServiceHPwheel-
spindle type for
delivered as complete subassemblies on a dressed
The offset super
ends� single tire applications� Refer to
axle�standard service hub (Figure 1) may be ductile
iron, aluminum or Dura-Light Hub® and vendors Hendrickson literature number L846 Wide
include ConMet, Walther EMC, KIC or Webb� Spindle Base Tire Configurations for more details�The
types include HN (tapered) or HP (parallel)� In HN spindle design is not approved for use
these procedures, all hubs are considered with any single offset wheel�
conventional hubs that are maintained and
assembled similarly�
L496
L 5
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
Other types of wheel-end assemblies can be found TOOLS rEQUIrED
on Hendrickson suspensions for both drum and air The following tools may be required during the
disc brake (ADB) systems� performance of some maintenance
procedures:
HLS® HENDrICKSON LONG-LIFE TOOL WHErE USED
SYSTEM™ AND HVS® HENDrICKSON Dial Indicator, with End-play measurement�
VALUE SYSTEM™ mounting stand Refer to Figure 4 on page
For service information on these wheel-end types, (resolution to 9�
refer to Hendrickson literature number T72004 HLS® 0�0001", 0�0254
Wheel- end Maintenance Procedures or T72005 mm)
HVS® Wheel- end Maintenance Procedures� Hub-mounted Available from seal manufacturer
seal driver (
HXL HENDrICKSON EXTENDED-LIFE Figure 13)
Spindle-mounted Available from seal manufacturer
Hendrickson Extended-Life wheel-ends offer premium
seal driver (Figure
performance on Hendrickson dressed axles� 12)
Hendrickson selects premium components which are Torque Wrench Used to tighten various plugs,
factory assembled in a controlled environment; (10 - 400 screws and nuts, listed in this
allowing for an extended-service warranty beyond ft�lbs� or table, to the specified torque�
that of a standard service wheel-end� 13 - 542 Nm)
1
/2 inch socket Hubcap fasteners
HXL3 HENDrICKSON EXTENDED-LIFE 3-
® 1
/4 or 5/16 inch hex key Lube fill port plug, oil filled hub
YEAr SYSTEM™
HUB SEMI HUB AND OUTER BEARING
HXL3 wheel-ends come with oil bath lubrication
FLUID ASSEMBLY - SEMI FLUID
(75W-90 synthetic gear lubricant or SAE 80W-90 GREASE DAM GREASE on page 14
gear lubricant) and a three-year limited warranty� on
Spindle types include HN (tapered) or HP page 20
(parallel) with Hendrickson's PRECISION240® or
HN spindle
PRECISION320® Nut System� Service and other 37/8 inch socket Inner Adjusting nut
applicable information can be found or is 31/4 inch socket Outer jam nut
referenced in Hendrickson literature number T7200 5
/64 inch hex key Set screw
6 Wheel-end Maintenance Procedures�
4 /4 inch socket
3
Castle nut
HP spindle
L496
L 7
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
CHECKING FOr SMOOTH rOTATION CHECKING END PLAY
Many factors can effect smoothness of rotation�
Primary causes include: NOTE: If extended service wheel-end (HXL),
refer to applicable literature and
• Bearing wear
CONTACTING HENDRICKSON on page
• Damaged hub seal 3 before continuing�
• Moisture
• Debris This procedure should be performed:
• After CONTACTING HENDRICKSON Technical
NOTE: A reasonable assessment can be Services for guidance relative to suspected
performed without removing tires and wheel end play movement, before removing
rims� However, this procedure is best the hubcap�
performed with hub only as shown in Figur
• After installing hub and when instructed by
e 5�
1� Ensure trailer is secure per PREPARING TRAILER spindle nut installation procedure�
FOR SERVICE on page 4�
1�If not already done so:
A� Perform PREPARING TRAILER FOR
2�Disengage brakes and, if brake shoes, SERVICE on
remove brake drum (recommended)� page 4�
3� While maintaining physical contact, slowly B� Remove wheel (tires and
rotate
rims)� C� Disengage
hub in both directions at least five revolutions�
brakes�
4� During rotation, ensure smooth and quiet
rotation� Bearings should move smoothly� Feel D� If drum brake, remove drum
for any resistance in movement� Any debris in (recommended)� If ADB, remove brake pads
bearings should be felt as it moves over per manufacturer's recommended
IMPOrTANT:
rollers in If bearings feel rough, sound noisy or
bearings� procedures�
DO NOT rotate freely, DO NOT E�If oil lubricated, drain oil from wheel-end
place the suspension back into IMPOrTANT:
(do notEndreuse)�
play can be checked with brake
service� Refer to CONTACTING drum installed or removed
HENDRICKSON Technical F� Remove hubcap and discard gasket�
(preferred)� If installed, ensure all
Services for guidance� brake drum wheel fasteners are
A�If rotation feels normal, return to previous
procedure or reassemble and restore trailer installed and tightened to
to normal operation� manufacturers specifications
before checking end play�
B� If rotation sounds noisy, check end
2� Ensure hub hubcap mounting surface and end
play�C� If rotation feels rough or of spindle are clean and totally free of any
does not rotate burrs or debris�
freely, refer to CONTACTING HENDRICKSON
on 3� Rotate hub at least 5 revolutions to
page 3� ensure bearings are fully seated�
NOTE: The hub MUST be rotated before performing
end play measurement� Rotation works
the rollers into their fully seated positions
against the bearing cone shoulder�
Failure to rotate hub could result in a
false end play reading�
L496
8 L
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES
Rotate
and pull
hub
r EMOVING AND INSTALLING Each of these spindle nut systems has a different
HUB DO NOT MIX LUBrICANTS
locking mechanism which must be disengaged
WArNING before spindle nut(s) can be removed�
When not using the same lubricant
it is the responsiblity of the end 1�Disengage spindle nut locking mechanism as
user to ensure that all grease is follows:
completely removed and
components are thoroughly
cleaned before adding new grease�
scre
Removal of hubcap hex head screws w
and/or hubcap is allowed when:
• Attaching hubometer bracket�
• During TIREMAAX® installation�
NOTICE The old gasket must be discarded Figure 7: Three-piece nut system components
and replaced with new�Tighten
fasteners to 15±3 ft� lbs� A�Standard three-or four-piece nut (Figure
(21±3 Nm) of torque� i� If three-piece, 7) - a 5/64 inch hex key,
using
HUB rEMOVAL remove set screw from interlock
Use the following procedure to remove hub washer�
assembly: ii� If four-piece, lift tabs from the flats
on the outer nut� See Figure 18 on
1�Remove tire / wheel page 17�
assembly�2� Disengage i� Remove spindle nuts and lock washer�
brakes and:
If drum brake, remove 10
L496
L
brake drum�
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES
DO NOT attempt to rotate the outer 1�Carefully pull hub assembly slightly toward
NOTICE
nut without first unlocking the nut spindle end� A short quick motion should
system�Doing so can damage spindle allow outer bearing to exit the hub� Be
threads and compromise the axle� prepared to catch outer bearing if it slides off
Remove the lock washer before the end of the spindle� Otherwise, simply
rotating the inner nut� remove it�
To minimize fretting and damage to 4� Using the same lubricant used to fill the hub
NOTICE
wheel-end, lubricate all components and
and applicable surfaces using the lubricate hub seal and bearing cups�
same lubricant�
IMPOrTANT: DO NOT lubricate if Stemco seal�
5� If filling with NLGI #2 grease, prior to
BEArING CUP INSPECTION assembly:
Inspect the hub for spun bearing cups� Cone
Cage
NOTE: If the bearings are being repalced it is Voids between
recommended that the cup/cone be rollers
filled with grease
replaced as a matched set�
Roller
1� Check to see if the cups can be removed or
Pack from small end until grease purges out the big
rotated by hand inside the hub�
end Figure 10: If packing bearing with NLGI #2
A� If bearing cups can be moved by hand,
replace hub� A� grease
Pack both inner and outer bearings with
grease (Figure 10)�
BEArING CUP rEMOVAL
1�Use a press or a mild steel bar with hammer Hub
being careful not to damage the hub cup bore
or shoulder�
Greas
A� Inspect and remove all sharp edges, nicks e
and burrs from seal bore, bearing cup bore,
hubcap bore and hubcap mounting surface Bearing
of the cup
Figure 11: Pack hub inner cavity
hub� If hub cup bores are scored or damaged,
replace hub� B� Pack hub inner chamber, full circle (Figure
11), with grease to slightly above the level
BEArING CUP INSTALLATION of the bearing cup�
1� Using the proper bearing cup driver, press ASSEMBLE HUB
bearing cup into the hub� This procedure assumes field installation of the
2� Use a �001 to �002 feeler gauge between the hub� Hub assembly includes:
cup face and the cup bore shoulder to ensure • Hub Seal and inner bearing assembly:
the cup is fully seated� – SPINDLE-MOUNTED SEAL ASSEMBLY
– HUB-MOUNTED SEAL ASSEMBLY
NOTE: Aluminum hubs require special
procedures refer to hub OEM • HUB AND OUTER BEARING ASSEMBLY - SEMI
procedure� FLUID GREASE on page 14
PrEPArE HUB FOr rE-INSTALLATION • HUB AND OUTER BEARING ASSEMBLY - OIL
The hub and bearings should be cleaned and LUBRICANT on page 15
inspected prior to installation� • HUB AND OUTER BEARINGS ASSEMBLY -
1� Thoroughly clean the hub bore of any dirt, NLGI #2 GREASE on page 15
grease, rust or any other substance that may
NOTICE The HUB SEAL CAN BE
be present�
DAMAGED or
2� Inspect hub seal bore for roughness� If needed, prematurely fail if:
use emery cloth to remove any burrs or old bore • Hub seal is improperly
sealant and wipe hub clean� installed�
L496
12 L
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES
• Hub seal is rammed into the SPINDLE-MOUNTED SEAL ASSEMBLY
spindle bearing shoulder� This type of seal is mounted on the spindle before
• Hub is not kept supported and installing the hub�The replacement seal should be
same brand and type as originally installed by the
aligned with spindle until the outer
OEM� A recommended installation tool (Figure 12),
bearing and axle nut are
with instructions, is available from the seal
installed�
manufacturer�
• Lubricant types are mixed during 1� Lubricate seal according to seal
hub assembly� manufacturer’s recommendations�
NOTICE To minimize fretting and damage to
2� Following manufacturer's instructions, place the
wheel-end, lubricate all components
seal on the spindle (Figure 12)� Ensure the seal
and applicable surfaces using the
is correctly oriented with "air side" facing
same lubricant�
inboard and "oil side" facing outboard�
CAUTION For safety reasons, to prevent injury
and damage to the hub and spindle,
lifting equipment may be required to
lift and support the hub as it is Seal
being installed onto the spindle�
Drive
tool
L496
L 13
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
HUB-MOUNTED SEAL ASSEMBLY HUB AND OUTEr BEArING ASSEMBLY - SEMI
This type of seal is mounted directly to the hub FLUID GrEASE
inner bore before installing hub�The With seal and inner bearing in place; the hub, semi
replacement seal should be same brand and type fluid grease and the outer bearing can now be
as originally installed by the OEM� A hub-mount installed; in that order�
seal installation tool, with instructions, is available NOTE: Refer to MAKING A HUB SEMI FLUID
from seal manufacturer� GREASE
1� Apply lubricant to spindle, bearing journals� DAM on page 20 for instructions on
making the dam�
NOTE: The hub was pre-lubricated during NOTICE When completed, the hub should be
PREPARE HUB FOR RE-INSTALLATION on filled to 50% of hub cavity (to 3 & 9
page 12� o'clock position when viewing from
end of spindle)� Any air bubbles or
2� Install pre-lubricated inner bearing into hub aeration of grease may result in
against inner bearing cup� Ensure it is properly insufficient grease quantity, bearing
seated in the cup� spalling and wheel-end damage�
Seal Hub
Semi fluid
grease
dam
Pre-lubricated
outer
Figure 13: Hub-mounted seal installation bearing
Figure 14: Semi fluid grease dam
NOTE: A hub seal driver (Figure 13) is application
recommended and can be obtained from 3� With the hub supported in position as shown
seal manufacturer� in Figure 14, place and hold the semi fluid
grease dam so it covers the lower half the
3� Lubricate seal according to the seal hub opening�
manufacturer’s recommendations�
4� Fill hub cavity to the top of the dam (3 & 9
4� Place seal onto the drive tool (Figure 13) o'clock position when viewing from end of
for installation into the hub according to spindle) with semi fluid grease�
seal manufacturer's
A�Align seal tool withinstructions�
hub seal bore� 5� Pre‑lube outer bearing with a coating of semi
fluid grease�
B� Drive seal until it bottoms out in the hub
seal bore� 6� Place grease coated outer bearing over the
spindle and against the semi fluid grease dam (
C� Rotate installation tool and apply Figure 14)�
several light blows to ensure seal is
properly seated� 7� Slide the dam out as the bearing is inserted
into the hub outer bearing cup�
D� Check inner bearing to ensure it rotates
freely� 8� Clean as needed to remove grease from
L496
14 unwanted areas� L
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES
NOTE: While sliding hub onto spindle, grease is STANDArD THrEE- Or FOUr-PIECE SPINDLE
collected at the spindle seal journal inboard NUT ASSEMBLY
of the hub (Figure 3 on page 7)�This may
be later interpreted as a grease leak and WArNING FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE
should be cleaned� INSTRUCTIONS COULD CAUSE WHEEL
TO COME OFF AND CAUSE BODILY
9� Continue with STANDARD THREE- OR INJURY�
FOUR-PIECE SPINDLE NUT ASSEMBLY on pag OVER-TIGHTENING NUT COULD
e 15� CAUSE BEARINGS TO RUN HOT
AND BE DAMAGED�
HUB AND OUTEr BEArING ASSEMBLY
- OIL LUBrICANT NOTE: For other types of spindle nuts, refer to
With seals in place, the hub and outer bearing can the manufacturer's literature for
now be installed onto spindle� installation procedures�
1� Gently slide hub onto spindle, taking care not The three-piece spindle nut system (Figure 15
to damage the seal� on page 15) includes an inner adjusting nut,
2� Support and do not allow hub to move off lock washer, inner jam nut and set screw�
center while completing the assembly�
3�Lubricate outer bearing�
4� Place outer bearing over the spindle and into
the hub outer bearing cup�
NOTE: While sliding hub onto spindle, oil is Inner adjusting
collected at the spindle bearing shoulder nut
inboard of the hub (Figure 3 on page 7 Lock Spindle
)� washer
Outer jam
5�Clean spindle and hub area as needed� nut
on page 8�
3� Back off castle nut until it begins to feel Figure 19: Cotter pin/TIREMAAX potential
loose� Do not exceed ½ turn� interference
L496
18 L
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE
PROCEDURES If the lubricant is at or below
Window
lube fill the ADD line there is a risk of
port with
vent plug damage to bearings and other
wheel-end components�
3�Check oil level at hubcap window�
L496
L 19
STANDARD HUB MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
ADDITIONAL INFOr MATION
HUB SEMI FLUID GrEASE DAM
Use of the hub semi fluid grease dam, during assembly, is the recommended method of lubricating the hub
with semi fluid grease� Refer to HUB AND OUTER BEARING ASSEMBLY - SEMI FLUID GREASE on page 14 for
instructions on how to use the Hub Semi Fluid Grease Dam�
TOrQUE VALUES
Table 4 lists torque values for wheel-end fasteners�
TOrQUE
FASTENEr
ft� lbs� Nm
L496
20 L
4.Slide outer bearing over spindle and slide grease dam out while inseting bearing into
2.Make a HN or HP grease dam from cardboard, plastic or other flat stiff material.
3.Use this grease dam when filling hub with semi-fluid grease to 50% full level.
Hub SF Grease Dam
1.Print one template for each spindle type (HN & HP).
discar
Cut
and
out
HP Spindle
s
radius
HN
800-668-5360
Actual product performance may vary depending upon vehicle configuration, operation, service and other
factors.