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Outlin e History of i mode

What is i mode? Architecture How i mode works? i mode Security Business Model i mode Services i mode Users Comparison with WAP Advantages of i mode Conclusion

i mode - History
i-mode was launched in Japan on 22 February 1999. The content planning and service design team was led by Mari Matsunaga, while Takeshi Natsuno was responsible for the business development. Further Developments: Dec. 1999 i-mode compatible handsets with color screens were marketed Jan. 2001 i-appli service launched Jul. 2001 i-area service launched Nov. 2001 i-motion service launched Jun. 2002 i-shot service launched Jan. 2003 i-motion mail service launched Sep. 2005 i-channel service launched Oct. 2006 keyword search service for i-mode launched

What is i mode???
NTT DoCoMo's i-mode is a wireless internet service popular in Japan. Unlike WAP, i-mode encompasses a wider variety of internet standards, including web access, e-mail and the packet-switched network that delivers the data. i-mode users have access to various services such as e-mail, sports results, weather forecast, games, financial services and ticket booking. Content is provided by specialized services, typically from the mobile carrier, which allows them to have tighter control over billing.

Info. Provide r HTTP/TCP/IP Leased Line Info. Provide r Packet iMode Info. Network Server Provide (PDC-P) HTTP/TCP/IP r Internet
PC

Architecture

Communication Network (PDC)

PSTN

Groupware Server

PC

i mode Server
The iMode server is a regular Web server. It can reside at NTT DoCoMo or at the Enterprise. DoCoMo has been acting as a portal and so normally maintains the iMode server. For future implementations with advanced security requirements, it is possible to host the iMode server at the Enterprise. Functions: o Internet Access Proxy o Mail Storage o User Management o Information charging

(PDC-P) Personal Digital CellularPacket

iMode provides Internet service using Personal Digital Cellular-Packet (PDC-P) and a subset of HTML 3.0 for content description . iMode allows application/content providers to distribute software (Java applets) to cellular phones and also allows users to download applets (e.g., games). iMode uses packet switched technology for the wireless part of the communication and is carried over TCP/IP for the wired part of the communication. The mobile packet communications system has a network configuration in which the packet communications function is added and integrated into DoCoMos Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) which is the digital system for portable and automobile telephones.

Protocols
TLP o Improved efficiency in PDC-P network over TCP (uses fewer packets to save charges) o Higher data packet ratio o No 3-way handshake, control signals can piggyback data ALP o Supports both pull (HTTP) and push style communication o Direct HTTP communication between mobile phone and iMode server UITP (User Information Transfer Protocol) sends subscriber information from PDC-P network to iMode server NWMP (Network Management Protocol) performs signaling o Start/end of packet communication o E.g. email delivery, push content notification iMode ALP (Application Layer HTML Mail Protocol) Server Telephony ALP (Application Layer
Function PDC Protocol) TLP (Transport Layer Protocol) PDC-P TCP IP

How does i-Mode work?

The i-Mode service uses an additional packet communication netwo that is built onto DoCoMo's main network. This packet data transmis technology allows for constant connectivity.Thus, users are not char how long they are online, since this time is unlimited. Rather, users only for how much information they retrieve. There are essentially 4 main components that are required for the i1)A cellular phone capable of voice and packet communication and browser installed. 2)A packet network. 3)An i-mode server. 4)Information providers.

Security
Issues
1. Security of the radio link between iMode handset and the cellular base station. 2. Security of the transparent public Internet connection between iMode sites and the handset in the cHTML layer. 3. Security of private networks on iMode. 4. Security of private network links between the iMode center and special service providers such as banks. 5. Password security.

Security Protocols
iMode security relies on standard Internet security as provided by SSL(Secure Sockets Layer). The security protocols used within the DoCoMo network and over the air are proprietary protocols that run over SSL (using the packet switched capabilities of the DoCoMo network). iMode recently adopted SSL (in March, 2001). Before this, iMode provided only air interface security.

Business Model

i-mode Related Services

i-appli: i-mode with Java This service group consists of software (programs) used with imode compatible mobile phone terminals. Downloading the software makes it possible to automatically update the news and weather forecast displays as well as to play new games. i-area: Location Based Service This is DOCOMO's location information service. The i-area service enables the user to check the weather forecast, traffic and store information and other convenient information for local areas as well as the map information to the user's current location.

i-motion: Dynamic Video Content This feature refers to video distribution programs for i-mode mobile phone terminals and the contents. The high-speed packet communication of FOMA entertains you with the latest movie theater information and details of the sports highlights available in video. i-motion mail This service transfers video captured with an i-motion compatible mobile phone via e-mail. It features a transmission speed of up to15 frames/sec, thus permitting smooth motion video to be enjoyed with a mobile phone. i-shot: Digital Camera Capability A function that supports transfer of still images captured with an i-mode compatible phone. The images may also be sent to mobile phones of other carriers and PCs.

i mode Users

Comparison b/w i mode and WAP

WAP
Specification for presenting and interacting with information on wireless Sites based on new WML 39% of worlds wireless internet users Usually used over circuit switched connections Services business-oriented, work-oriented Anyone can produce content, content menus

iMode
Wireless internet service (could be deployed over WAP) Sites based on HTML (cHTML) 60% of worlds wireless internet users Usually used over packet switched connections Services user-oriented, funoriented Anyone can produce content, DoCoMo operates content menus

Advantages
Wireless internet service (could be deployed over WAP) Sites based on HTML (cHTML) 60% of worlds wireless internet users Usually used over packet switched connections Services user-oriented, fun-oriented Anyone can produce content, DoCoMo operates content menus

Disadvantages
Small display size Spotty coverage (tunnels, near buildings) Low bandwidth (wireless)

Conclusion
i-mode is a hugely successful mobile data service offered by NTT DoCoMo as an added value service to voice subscribers. It is packet supported, uses high quality handsets. It was initiated through an official portal with low subscription charges, a unified billing system with revenue sharing, and has evolved to offer a wide variety of services. It generates massive revenues for DoCoMo, and more modest income for content providers.

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