MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

GUIDED BY: Mr.VIJAYAKUMAR M.Sc., M.Phil., PGDCA.. M.Phil., PRESENT BY: A.MUTHU RAJ 09-CH-040 09-CH-

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
CONTENTS:
    

Introduction Drugs Types of Drugs Medicinal plants and uses Conclusion

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Medicinal Chemistry is an interdisciplinary research area incorporating synthetic organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and pharmaceutical chemistry in the search for better drugs.

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
What is Medicinal chemistry ? The science that deals with the discovery or design of new therapeutic chemicals and the development of these chemicals into useful medicine

DRUGS
The chemical compounds which exert, various physiological effects of therapeutic value are called drugs.

Drugs falls into two general categories:

 

Drugs used in treatment and cure of disease. Drugs which have some characteristic effect on animal organism but don t have remedial effect for a particular disease. Morphine, cocaine are some examples.

TYPES OF DRUGS
 Anesthetics  Analgesics

Antipyretics  Antiseptic  Antiprotozals  Antibiotics  Antacids  Antispasmodics



ANESTHETICS
Drugs producing loss of sensation are called anesthetics. It is of two types


GENERAL ANAESTHETICS agents which bring about loss of all sensation, particularly pain along with loss of consciousness. LOCAL ANAESTHETICS agents which prevent the pain sensation in localized area with out affecting the degree of consciousness.

ANESTHETICS AGENT


Nitrous Oxide (N2O): it is a colorless, inorganic nonnonirritating gas. It is the safest of the anesthetic agents. This is used after mixing general anesthetics like ether. Chloroform CHCl3: A volatile liquid. It has pleasant smell & sweet taste with oxygen it forms a toxic carbonyl chloride & hence it is not used now. Ether: Ether: The present form of C2H5-O-C2H5 is a volatile liquid. After absorption by tissues it attacks the central nervous system & makes unconsciousness

ANALGESICS
Compounds which relieve pains without loss of consciousness. These are also called as pain killer/pain relievers. relievers. myalgia & arthalgia. arthalgia. Ex: Aspirin, Novalgin are commonly used analgesics. These are effective in headaches,

Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)

ANTIPYRETICS
Compounds which are used for the purpose of reducing fever.

Ex: aspirin, antipyrine, phenacetin & paracetamol.

Paracetamol (p-acetamidophenol) (p-

ANTISEPTIC
A substance that renders micro organisms innocuous by killing them or preventing their growth. Used
particularly for preparations applied to the living tissues. Example:


Iodoform CHI3 is used as an antiseptic & its 1% solution is a disinfectant.

0.2% solution of C6H5OH acts as an antiseptic & its 1% solution is a disinfectant.

ANTIPROTOZOALS
(ANTIMALARIAL)


A compound that destroys protozoa or inhibits their growth and ability to reproduce. Malaria causes shivering & fever. Body temperature rises to 106r 106rF, causes physical weakness with side effects in lever & also causes aneamia. aneamia. Extracts of certain plants specially the roots & stem are used as antimalarial. Cinchona barks gives rise to quinine is an antimalarial. antimalarian . Ex: Quinine, primaquine and chloroquine

ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS

ANTIBIOTICS
Many microorganisms (bacteria, fungi & moulds) produce certain chemicals which inhibit the growth or metabolism of some other microorganism are known as antibiotics.


The first antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1929, from mould Penicillium notatum, was penicillin. notatum,

These need to be present only in low concentration to be effective in their antibiotic action. Ex: Penicillin and Tetracycline

PENICILLINS


Penicillin's is the name given to the mixture of natural compounds having the molecular formula C9H11N2O4 S-R, and differing only in the nature of R.

Depending upon the nature of R, there are at least six natural penicillin.

Uses: Penicillin is extensively used for rheumatic fever, narrowing of heart wall, bronchitis and pneumonia etc.. Ex: ampicillin and amoxicillin.

PENICILLIN SUBSTITUTENTS

ANTACIDS
Antacids are drug formulations which provide certain relief from burning sensation.
 

These are available in tablets as well as gel/syrup forms. These antacids contains magnesium & aluminum hydroxides, in addition to flavoring agents & color.

Ex: Surpass Gum, Tums, Milk of Magnesia, Gelusil

ANTACID DRUGS

ANTI-ULCER DRUGS

ANTIACID TABLETS DISSOLVING GAS

ANTISPASMODICS
An antispasmodic is a drug or a herb that suppresses muscle spasms. Antispasmodics are a group of medicines that include natural belladonna alkaloids. Importance:


to relieve cramps, spasms of the stomach, intestines and bladder.

to prevent nausea, vomiting & motion sickness. Ex: Anisotropies, Atropine, Dicyclomine, Cindinium cap.

MEDICINAL PLANTS & ITS USES

S.No 1 COMMON NAME AMLA MEDICINAL USE Vitamin C, Cough, Diabetes, cold, Laxative, hyper acidity. Menstrual Pain, uterine, disorder, Deiabetes. Diarrhea, Dysentery, Constipation. Nervous, Memory enhancer, mental disorder. Skin Disease, Burning, sensation, fever. Diabetes, hydrocil, Asthma.

ASHOK BAEL or BILVA BRAHMI CHIRAITA (HIGH ALTITUTED) GUDMAR / MADHUNASINI

CONCLUSION:


It is useful to inhibit the growth of microorganism and reproducing it.

 

This drugs are useful in day-to-day life. day-toIf should be used in minimal quantity or else it will be dangerous.

REFERENCE:
 Graham L. Patrick -

An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry

Oxford University Press, 4th Edition-2009 Edition Gareth Thomas -

Fundamentals of Medicinal Chemistry John Wiley & Sons Inc , 1st Edition, 2003