Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Prepared by Mr. Eddie McKie South Region Area Horticulture Teacher Georgia Department of Education For the Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office May 2002
Modified by the GA Agriculture Education Curriculum Office July 2004
Blueberries
The beautiful rabbiteye is native to Georgia. Seldom require spraying for insects and diseases. Will produce fruit the second or third year after transplanting under good conditions. Yield will increase as the plant grows in size.
Pick all flowers and fruit from the bush the first year. Never over-fertilize; fertilizer damages blueberries easily until they are established. Continually increase the yearly amount of fertilizer until the plant is 8 ft tall or taller.
Purchasing Trees
Healthy one-year-old trees that are three to four ft. tall with a good root system is the preferred type of tree for planting Do not purchase trees that appear stunted, poorly grown, diseased or insect injured
Bunch grapes are called pod grapes in rural Georgia since they grow large clusters of fruit.
Hand-size pruning shears. If you prune properly and on an yearly basis, you should not need large pruning tools. Good plants grapes and muscadines can be broken into four categories: two based on fruit color (bronze or black), and two based on flower type: perfect flowers (self pollinating) and female.
Trellis Types
Double Curtain Trellis
Trellis Types
continued
Trellis Types
continued
Single Wire
Fertilization
Soil test before planting to establish proper fertility. After the plants have been settled by a drenching rain, apply 1/2 lb. Of 1010-10 fertilizer around each plant. Keep the fertilizer at least six inches from the stem of the plant. Continue at six weeks intervals throughout the summer.
Fertilization
continued
During the second year, the fertilizer rate should be doubled and the fertilizer circle should be increased to four feet. In the third year, if the vines have grown properly the first two years and you expect a crop, apply two lbs. of 10-10-10 or equivalent per vine in March. Then apply one lb. of 10-10-10 per vine in May. Broadcast in a six foot circle.
Fertilization
continued
In established vines, apply three to five pounds of 10-10-10 or equivalent per plant in March of each year. Then apply 1/2 pound of ammonium nitrate around June 1st .
Apples
Adapted to most areas of Georgia. Northern half is more suited for Conventional apple varieties. Adapted apple varieties can be profitably grown in south Georgia with plenty of timely care. Trees that do not require as much care should be grown if plenty of care can not be provided.
Require a well-drained soil Cannot tolerate drought Grow best with a soil pH of 6.5
Purchasing Trees
Preferred One year old whip that is four to six feet tall. Two-year-old or older trees usually do not do as well. Do not purchase trees that are diseased, stunted, insect damaged or poorly grown.
Fertilization
Fertilize trees the year they are planted by broadcasting one cup of 10-10-10 fertilizer about one month after planting. In June following planting, broadcast another cup of 10-10-10 fertilizer around the tree.
Fertilization
continued
In the early spring of the second season, broadcast two cups of 10-10-10 fertilizer over a three-foot circle. Repeat this in June. Increase the diameter of the broadcast circle and the amount of fertilizer (10-1010) by two cups per year. When the tree is six years old or older, only nitrogen fertilizer is needed.
Trellis
Fertilization
Should receive 2 ozs. of premium grade 10-10-10 in April and July of the first year distributed evenly in a 2 ft diameter circle around the plant. In succeeding years, apply one lb. of 1010-10 per 9 feet of row in February or early March and one lb. of 10-10-10 per 18 feet of row in June.
Figs
Grow best with a soil pH of 5.5-6.5. Can be purchased as bare-root plants or in containers.
Bare-root trees should have about 1/3 of its top pruned at planting. Trees in containers trees do not require pruning.
Fertilization
Satisfactory growth in moderately fertile soil with limited fertilizer. Nitrogen is usually the only needed plant nutrient, unless the soil is not very fertile.
Watering
Figs need watering throughout the summer for highest yields. As a rule-of-thumb, 1 to 1-1/2 inches of water is needed for figs.
Pears
Sunlight is the key to maximizing fruit production Early morning sun is particularly important because it dries the dew from the leaves, thereby reducing the incidence of diseases. Pears grow best in soils with a pH of 5.96.5
Fertilization
Apply one cup of 10-10-10 fertilizer per tree per year of age with a maximum application of 12 cups. Half of the application should be applied before growth begins and the other half after fruit set. Fertilizer should be applied around the drip line of the tree.
Plums
Plums should be planted on high sites. They have a tendency to bloom early, so flowers could be killed by frost. Grow best with a soil pH of 6.5. Cultural practices such as pruning, training, fertilizing and thinning are the same as for peaches.
Plums
Plum trees will set more fruit than the trees are capable of successfully carrying to maturity. Excess fruit should be removed from the trees in order to develop the proper color, shape and size of the remaining plums.
Strawberries
Need full sun for the majority of the day. Desirable soils are fertile, medium-light textured, that are well-drained with good moisture holding capacity. In south Georgia, plants can be set in the fall and harvested the next spring
(September 15 to November 15).
Strawberries
continued
Plants are set 12 inches in the drill and 12 inches in the row on raised beds with two rows per bed. Beds should be 6 inches high on the shoulder and 8 inches high in the middle and 26 inches wide.
Strawberries
continued
Cross section of bed construction for annual hill system. Note the drip irrigation tube under the plastic. This allows the bed to be watered without wetting the fruit or foliage.
Strawberries
continued
Three pounds of 10-10-10 complete fertilizer per 100 square feet of bed should be applied prior to forming the bed. Best results have been when mulching the beds with black plastic.
Nuts
Pecans Major Black Walnuts Almonds Chestnut
Pecans
Plant trees well away from residences and other structures. Plant trees at least 60 to 80 feet apart so they will not crowd each other at maturity. When planting trees, the hole should be from 12 to 24 inches wide so that all side roots can be properly positioned.
Pecans
continued
Be sure to plant the tree at the same level in which it grew at the nursery. Remove one-half of the top of the tree to balance the top to the root system. Be sure
to not prune below the graft.
The primary after-care chore for growing pecans is to supply the trees moisture needs.
Pecans
continued
Pecans
continued
Fertilize according to soil sample results. In the absence of soil test results or leaf analysis, fertilize with a complete fertilizer such as 10-10-10 for each inch of trunk diameter in mid February. Zinc is especially important in pecan production. Can be determined by a leaf
analysis taken in late July or early August.
Pecans
continued
Harvesting of pecans is like harvesting of fruits needs to be at the optimum time. Optimum time is when the product is mature.