Status of Science and Technology in Pakistan

Tariq Bashir
Pakistan Council for Science and Technology Islamabad November 8, 2006

Overview
 System  Status

of S&T Governance

of S&T Development and S&T Statistical Indicators S&T Policy Initiatives

 Current

Overview of S&T Governance System in Pakistan

National Assembly Standing Committee on S&T

Prime Minister

Senate Standing Committee on S,T & Education

National Commission for S&T

Minister for S&T

Other Ministers*

PM Secretariat

Pakistan Council for S&T

Ministry of S&T

*Related Ministries

PAEC HEC

S&T / R&D Organizations

* Ministries of IT & Telecom., Agriculture, Education, Industries, Health etc. 3

National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST)

  

Constituted in 1984 Apex body on S&T matters headed by PM 27 members

Details

 PCST is Secretariat of NCST  Acceleration of scientific and technological capacity

building for rapid and sustainable economic growth

 Consideration of major programmes of S&T sector

and establish guidelines

 Coordination of inter-ministerial and inter-provincial

S&T programmes
4

Status of S&T Development and S&T Statistical Indicators

Status of S&T Development and S&T Statistical Indicators

 S&T

Development in Historical Perspective Manpower Expenditure Technology

6

 S&T  R&D

 Information

S&T Development in Historical Perspective

At the Time of Independence in 1947:  Meager Human and Financial Resources


Poor Infrastructure* Only 4 Laboratories Two Universities One Agricultural College

* Excludes East Pakistan

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S&T Development in Historical Perspective..2

At Present:  Independent Ministries for:

Science and Technology Information Technology and Telecommunications Higher Education Commission

 

85 Major S&T Organizations with 228 research institutes / centres / labs etc. 114 Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes including:
11 Engineering and Technology Universities 6 Agricultural Universities 7 Medical Universities

Growth of Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan

No of HEIs
1 0 100 80 60 40 0 0 1947 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 001 006
Source: HEC

ota Pu ic Private

S&T Manpower
70000
To a Fe a e

6 148

60000 50000 40000 30000 0000 10000 0 Re ear

Source: PCST

3098

7 61

8659 405 3643

er

Te

n an an va en S a

O er S ppor n Sa
10

Growth of PhDs in Pakistan

2 2 2 2

2
Source: PCST

2 11

Researchers by Level of Qualification

otal
5000 0000 15000 10000 5000 83 0 h an
Source: PCST

overn ent
499

i her

ucation

18500

5546

649 4714 444 407 37

uivalent

Masters an

achelor

Others

12

Number of Researchers by ield of Science

8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 000 1000 0
Na ural Sciences
Source: PCST

o al

overnmen

i her duca ion

ech

Medical Sciences

A ricul ural Sciences

Social Sciences

uman i ies

13

Percent of Total Researchers Working in Higher Education and Public Sector R&D Organizations

overn ent 4 95%

Higher Education 75 05%

Source: PCST

14

Researchers by ield of Science in Higher Education

Hu antities 14% Natural Sciences 4%

Social Sciences 17%

Agricultural Sciences 8%
Source: PCST

Medical Sciences 0%

Engineering and echnology 17% 15

Researchers by ield of Science in Public Sector Organizations

Social Sciences % u antities 4% Natural Sciences 19%

Agricultural Sciences 50%

Source: PCST

Medical Sciences 6%

ngineering and echnology 19%

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R&D Expenditure
Rs Mi i n

2 -

2-

2-

Source: PCST

17

R&D Expenditure as Percent of GDP

Percent

2-

2-

Source: PCST

18

Share of Different unding Sources in Total R&D Expenditure

igher Education 3 47% Not Distri uted 1 50%

nternational Research rants 0 69%

Source: PCST

overn ent 74 34%

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Field Wise Expenditure of R&D Organizations

Defence cience and ec nolog 2 % ealt 2 % Ot ers % griculture, ivestock and Fis eries %

Eart

ciences % Forestr % ndustrial Researc % Engineering and ec nolog 2%

&

ervices 22 %

Source: PCST

20

Field Wise Expenditure of Higher Education Institutions

gricultural Universities %

Engineering Universities 2 % eneral Universities % Medical Universities 2 %

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Source: PCST

Information Technology
Number of IT companies Number of companies ISO-certified Number of foreign IT & Telecom companies working in Pakistan Industry size (according to a preliminary study undertaken by PSEB) IT and IT-enabled services export in year 2005-2006 Growth in exports over the last one year Export targets for the current fiscal year 2005-2006
Source: PSEB

675 (Registered PSEB Members) 100 companies 60 US$ 2 Billion (WTO Prescribed formula) US$ 72.21 Million 56% US$ 108 Million
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Information Technology2 Number of IT graduates produced per About 20,000 year Number of universities offering IT / CS 110 programs Number of IT professionals engaged in export oriented activities (Software development / Call centres etc.) Total number of IT professionals employed in the country Total IT spending in fiscal year 20052006
Source: PSEB

More than 10,000

90,000 US$ 1.4 Billion

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Increase in Operative Decrease in Price of Bandwidth the Bandwidth

Mbps U $

24

Spread of Internet Services in Pakistan

Nume r of oca ities

25

Growth of Internet sers in Pakistan

Mi ion 2

2 26

Current S&T Policy Initiatives

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Main reas of Current Initiatives

Programme reas Human Resource Development Upgradation of R&D Infrastructure and Launching of R&D Programmes Technology Development and Industrialization Strengthening of Policy, Coordination and Management Structure Information Technology Total
*Estimate of PSDP for the financial year 2006-07

No of Projects 162 114 66 11 83

mount llocated (Rs million) 9602.64 3932.07 2638.36 80.51 2638.81 2.

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Human Resource Development

    

Indigenous PhD Programme Merit Scholarship Scheme for PhD in S& Split PhD Programme PostPost-Doctoral Fellowship Programme Foreign Scholarships for PhD
Teachers and Researchers Overseas Scholarship Scheme (200 scholarships per year) PhD Scholarships in Natural and Basic Sciences, China (50 scholarships) PhD Scholarships in Engineering Sciences, China (40 scholarships) PhD Scholarships for Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Austria (40 scholarships) PhD Scholarships in Natural and Basic Sciences, France (40 scholarships)

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Human Resource Development2

PhD Scholarships in Engineering and S&T, Germany (40 scholarships) MS / MPhil leading to PhD in Engineering, Natural and Basic Sciences, Humanities, Social Sciences for Teachers of Weaker Universities (100 scholarships)
      

Availing Services of Expatriate Pakistani Scientists and Engineers and Foreign Academicians Curriculum Development at Graduate and Post-graduate Leve PostStrengthening of Polytechnics (Introduction of New Technologies / Trades in 6 Selected Institutions) Training of Laboratory Technicians Participation of Scientists and Technologists in International Conferences, Seminars etc. Special S&T Allowance Research Productivity Allowance
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Up Gradation of R&D Infrastructure and Launching of R&D Programmes

       

Peer Review of R&D Organizations Restructuring of R&D Organizations Increase in the Recurring Budget of R&D organizations Repair and Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment National Science Libraries Establishment of Endowment Funds for Engineering Universities Support for Scientific Societies R&D Programmes in Priority Areas
31

Technology Development and Industrialization

        

Pakistan Technology Board Technology Development Fund Venture Capital Fund Technology Cluster Centres Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority Establishment of Pakistan National Accreditation Council Crash Awareness Raising and Training Programme in Quality Management Industrial Analytical Centres Science and Technology for Economic Development
32

Strengthening of Policy Coordination and Management Structure

  

Strengthening of MoST and PCST Improving Provincial Coordination Enhancing International Cooperation

33

Information Technology
    

Human Resource Development Enabling Measures E-Government Industry Support Policy Initiatives to Encourage Foreign Direct Investment

34

Human Resource Development

        

Seven new IT universities Virtual University has been Funding public sector degree-awarding institutes to degreeincrease the intake of Bachelors and Masters in IT Faculty of international caliber invited to join local universities Large number of scholarships for Bachelors and Masters Promotion of IT education at school and college level Short training in basic IT education, in Medical Transcription, Cisco and Legal Transcription Projects for training high level IT professionals (PhDs) National Testing Service similar to GRE and SAT
35

Enabling Measures


IT Law: facilitate e-commerce and provides a legal ecover to on-line transactions requiring digital onsignature and authentication Accreditation of IT Education: supported by an Ordinance

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E Government


  

The web portal for the Government of Pakistan, web sites of 34 Federal Ministries / Divisions and 3 special purpose websites developed Office Automation of Government Ministries Automation of Salary withdrawal of Federal Employees from ATMs The automation of the District Governments (2 model districts in each of the 4 provinces and Azad Jammu & Kashmir) Internal Email and Mail Tracking system for improving the accountability of action handling and speeding up intra-ministerial communication intra37

Industry Support
  

Quality Standards: subsidize to IT companies in preparing for certifications for ISO 9001 and CMM Assistance to local IT companies in international marketing Assistance in execution of business plans for domestic marketing (remove bottlenecks, and organize local IT events and exhibitions) An information centre for IT industry with an up-to-date up-tolibrary in major cities Industrial Automation programme Measures to increase investment in IT industry (IT infrastructure, education, medical & legal transcription, IT call centres and wireless communications)
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Policy Incentives to Encourage FDI

    

Reduction in bandwidth rates from US$ 43,500 per month per Mbps to US$ 2,000 per month per Mbps 1515-year income tax exemption for IT companies Income tax rebate of 50% on income of IT professionals Software exporting companies are allowed to retain 35% of their earnings in foreign currency accounts Reduction in royalties charged on Payphone companies from 4% to 1.5% and ISPs from 1.5% to 0.66% ISPs intending to start business in the province of Balochistan get a reduction of 50% in their license fee for 5 years
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Policy Incentives to Encourage FDI2

  

Zero percent import duty on computers and computer parts Full repatriation allowed for capital gains, dividends and profits Processing period for license applications in the deregulated sector reduced from 12 months to 7 days only Tax relief for first year allowance @ 90% of machinery cost (50% on equipment for IT services) SevenSeven-year income tax holiday to Venture-Capital VentureFunds Deregulation of several financially attractive IT and telecom value-added services value40

  

Biotechnology
Thrust reas of Biotechnology Policy
         

Human Resource Development Research and Development Marine Biotechnology Industrial Biotechnology Health Agriculture Environment Bioinformatics Public Awareness IPR and Ethical Considerations
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Thank You

Composition of NCST
Chairman Vice Chairman Member/Secretary
Minister for Finance Minister for Agriculture Minister for Industries Minister for Education Provincial Ministers for S&T (4) Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission Secretary, S&TR Division Secretary, IT&Telecom Division Secretary, Ministry of Education President, Pakistan Academy of Sciences Chairman, Pakistan Engineering Council

Prime Minister of Pakistan Minister for S&T Chairman, PCST

Other Members
Chairman, Higher Education Commission Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Chairman, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council President, Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry Scientists/Technologists nominated by Prime Minister (3) Industrialists nominated by Prime Minister (2)

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