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By Abhishek Jaguessar
12/04/2012
The relative formula mass of a compound is blatantly the relative atomic masses of all the elements in the compound added together. Relative atomic mass of O = 16 Relative atomic mass of H = 1
2) NaOH
3) MgCl2 4) H2SO4 5) K2CO3
More examples
CaCO3 HNO3 2MgO 3H2O 4NH3 2KMnO4 3C2H5OH 4Ca(OH)2 40 + 12 + 3x16 1 + 14 + 3x16 2 x (24 + 16) 3 x ((2x1) + 16) 80 100
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The mass of an isotopic element relative to Carbon12. Example: chlorine occurs in isotope forms Cl-35 (75.5%) and Cl-37 (24.5%) Relative atomic mass = ((75.5x35)+(24.5x37))/(75.5+24.5)=35.5 Try this: neon-20 (90.9%), neon-21 (0.3%), and neon-22 (8.8%)
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x100%
Calculate the percentage mass of magnesium in magnesium oxide, MgO: Ar for magnesium = 24 Ar for oxygen = 16 Mr for magnesium oxide = 24 + 16 = 40 Therefore percentage mass = 24/40 x 100% = 60%
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E.g. what mass of magnesium oxide is produced when 60g of magnesium is burned in air?
Step 1: READ the equation: 2Mg + O2 2MgO
Step 2: WORK OUT the relative formula masses (Mr): 2Mg = 2 x 24 = 48 2MgO = 2 x (24+16) = 80
12/04/2012 1) When water is electrolysed it breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen:
2H2O
2H2 + O2
2H2O = 2 x ((2x1)+16) = 36
2H2 = 2x2 = 4
2. So 1g of water produces 4/36 = 0.11g of hydrogen 3. 6g of water will produce (4/36) x 6 = 0.66g of hydrogen 2) What mass of calcium oxide is produced when 10g of calcium burns?
2Ca + O2
2CaO
80g produces 112g so 10g produces (112/80) x 10 = 14g of CaO 3) What mass of aluminium is produced from 100g of aluminium oxide?
2Al2O3
4Al + 3O2
Another method
Try using this equation: Mass of product IN GRAMMES
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Mr of product
Mr of reactant
Q. When water is electrolysed it breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen: 2H2O 2H2 + O2 What mass of hydrogen is produced by the electrolysis of 6g of water?
6g
36
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Example questions
1) What volume of hydrogen is produced when 18g of water is electrolysed? 2H20 2H2 + O2
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2) Marble chips are made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). What volume of carbon dioxide will be released when 500g of CaCO3 is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid? CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
3) In your coursework you reacted magnesium with hydrochloric acid. What volume of hydrogen would be produced if you reacted 1g of magnesium with excess acid? Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
Empirical formulae is simply a way of showing how many atoms are in a molecule (like a chemical formula). For example, CaO, CaCO3, H20 and KMnO4 are all empirical formulae. Heres how to work them out:
Empirical formulae
A classic exam question:
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Find the simplest formula of 2.24g of iron reacting with 0.96g of oxygen. Step 1: Divide both masses by the relative atomic mass:
Example questions
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1) Find the empirical formula of magnesium oxide which contains 48g of magnesium and 32g of oxygen.
2) Find the empirical formula of a compound that contains 42g of nitrogen and 9g of hydrogen.
3) Find the empirical formula of a compound containing 20g of calcium, 6g of carbon and 24g of oxygen.