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-any sign...capable of distinguishing the goods or services produced or provided by one enterprise from those of other enterprises.
TRADEMARKS
A trademark provides protection to the owner of the mark by ensuring the exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services
Trademark
Any distinctive words, letters, numerals, drawings, pictures, shapes, colors, logotypes, labels or combinations
Advertising slogans, audible signs, three dimensional signs (in some countries)
Examples
TERM OF TRADEMARK
The period of protection varies, but a trademark can be renewed indefinitely beyond the time limit on payment of additional fees
trademark(s)?
Exclusive right to prevent others from marketing identical or similar products under the same or confusingly similar mark Easier to license and franchising network
Relative Grounds
Conflict with prior trademark rights
Arbitrary marks
Words that have a meaning that has no relation to the product they advertise
Suggestive marks
Marks that hint at one or some of the Attributes of the product
Validity of Trademark
In a large number of countries, registered trademarks are protected for 10 years and are renewable on chargeable basis
Class 7 Machines and machine tools; motors and engines (except for land vehicles); Class 8 Hand tools and implements (handoperated); Class 9 Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing Class 10 Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus Class 11 Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating Class 12 Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water
Class 13 Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosives Class 14 Precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious metals Class 15 Musical instruments Class 16 Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials Class 17 Rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica Class 18 Leather and imitations of leather, Class 19 Building materials (non-metallic); Class 20 Furniture, mirrors, picture frames;
Class 21 Household or kitchen utensils and containers Class 22 Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails Class 23 Yarns and threads, for textile use. Class 24 Textiles and textile goods, not included in other classes; bed and table covers Class 25 Clothing, footwear, headgear. Class 26 Lace and embroidery, ribbons and braid; buttons, hooks and eyes Class 27 Carpets, rugs, mats and matting Class 28 Games and playthings; gymnastic and sporting
Class 29 Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts Class 30 Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, Class 31 Agricultural, horticultural and forestry products and grains Class 32 Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic drinks Class 33 Alcoholic beverages (except beers). Class 34 Tobacco; smokers' articles; matches
Class 41 Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities Class 42 Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto Class 43 Services for providing food and drink; temporary accommodation. Class 44 Medical services; veterinary services; hygienic and beauty care Class 45 Legal services; security services for the protection of property and individuals
Regional route
Member countries of regional trademark system
International route
Madrid system administered by WIPO
http://www.wipo.int/madrid
Types of Marks
Trademark Service marks Marks used to distinguish certain goods as those produced by a specific enterprise. Marks used to distinguish certain services as those produced by a specific enterprise.
Collective marks
Certification marks
Well-known marks
Service marks
Marks used to distinguish certain services as those produced by a specific enterprise.
Collective marks
Marks used to distinguish goods or services produced or provided by members of an association
the "CA" device used by the Institute of Chartered Accountants. the mark "CPA", used to indicate members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants. + for Doctors and + for .
Certification marks
Marks used to distinguish goods or services that comply with the set of standards and have been certified by a certifying authority
Certification marks are used to define standards. The issue of certification marks indicates that the product has gone successfully gone through certain standard of test specified for a particular product. It assures the consumer that the manufacturers have gone through regular process of audit to ensure the standard of production. For example- Toys, Electrical goods, etc. have such marking.
Well-known marks
Marks that are considered to be well known in the market and as a result benefit from strong protection.
Using Trademarks
- service mark - trademark - registered trademark
FILING REQUIREMENTS
Applicant :Applicant means any individual or legal entity. Application :One application in prescribed form for one design in one class with prescribed fee. Representation:Four sets of Representation with the different views of the article for clear understanding the nature of article. Declaration :Statement of novelty and disclaimers. Power of Attorney :(If required).
BRAND
DECEPTIVELY SIMILAR
FAMILY RESEMBLACE
HEALTHY COEXISTANCE