TIe OscIIIoscope

TIe OscIIIoscope
GRAPH DSPAYNG DEVCE
- IL druw s u grupI oI un
eIecLrIcuI sIgnuI
- LIe grupI sIows Iow
sIgnuIs cIunge over LIme
Y und Z ComponenLs oI u
DIspIuyed WuveIorm
VerLIcuI (Y)- uxIs represenLs voILuge
HorIzonLuI () uxIs represenLs LIme
Z uxIs represenLs InLensILy or brIgILness
Y und Z ComponenL oI DIspIuyed
WuveIorm
TIe uncLIons oI OscIIIoscope
TIe sImpIe grupI cun LeII you muny LIIngs
ubouL LIe sIgnuI sucI us Lo:
DeLermIne LIe LIme und voILuge vuIues oI u
sIgnuI
CuIcuIuLe LIe Irequency oI un oscIIIuLIng
sIgnuI
See LIe movIng purLs on u cIrcuIL
represenLed by LIe sIgnuI
TeII II u muIIuncLIonIng componenL Is
dIsLorLIng LIe sIgnuI
Ind ouL Iow mucI u sIgnuI Is dIrecL
currenL (DC) or uILernuLIng currenL (AC)
TeII Iow mucI oI LIe sIgnuI Is noIse und
wIeLIer LIe noIse Is cIungIng LIme
TIe uncLIons oI OscIIIoscope
TIe OscIIIoscope
W An oscIIIoscope Iooks u IoL IIke u TV seL
excepL LIuL IL Ius u grId druwn on ILs
screen und more conLroIs LIun u LeIevIsIon.
W ronL puneI oI un oscIIIoscope normuIIy
Ius conLroI puneI secLIons dIvIded InLo:
I. VerLIcuI secLIon
II. HorIzonLuI secLIon
III. TrIgger secLIon
W TIere ure uIso dIspIuy conLroIs und InpuL
connecLor
TIe OscIIIoscope
TIe OscIIIoscope
WIuL Cun We Do WILI L?
W OscIIIoscopes ure used by every one Irom
LeIevIsIon repuIr LecInIcIuns Lo pIysIcIsLs.
W TIey ure IndIspensubIe Ior everyone
desIgnIng or repuIrIng eIecLronIc
equIpmenL.
W TIe useIuIness oI un oscIIIoscope Is noL
IImILed Lo LIe worId oI eIecLronIcs.
W WILI LIe proper Lrunsducer un oscIIIoscope
cun meusure uII kInds oI pIenomenuI.
W TIe Lrunsducer Is u devIce LIuL creuLes un
eIecLrIcuI sIgnuI In response Lo pIysIcuI
sLImuII sucI us:
Sound
MecIunIcuI sLress
Pressure
IgIL
HeuL und eLc
WIuL Cun We Do WILI L?
W An uuLo moLIve engIneer uses un
oscIIIoscope Lo meusure engIne vIbruLIon.
W A medIcuI reseurcIer uses un oscIIIoscope
Lo meusure bruIn wuve.
WIuL Cun We Do WILI L?
WIuL Cun We Do WILI L?
AnuIog und DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
EIecLronIc equIpmenL cun be dIvIded InLo
Lwo Lypes:
I. AnuIog - un equIpmenL works wILI
conLInuousIy vurIubIes voILuges
II. DIgILuI - un equIpmenL works wILI dIscreLe
bInury numbers LIuL muy
represenL voILuge sumpIes.
An unuIog oscIIIoscope works by dIrecLIy
uppIyIng u voILuge beIng meusured Lo un
eIecLron beum movIng ucross LIe
oscIIIoscope screen.
TIe voILuge deIIecLs LIe beum up und
down proporLIonuIIy LrucIng LIe wuveIorm
on LIe screen.
TIIs gIve un ImmedIuLe pIcLure oI LIe
wuveIorm
AnuIog und DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
A dIgILuI oscIIIoscope sumpIes LIe
wuveIorm und uses un unuIog Lo dIgILuI
converLer (ADC) Lo converL LIe voILuge
beIng meusured InLo dIgILuI InIormuLIon.
L LIen uses LIIs dIgILuI InIormuLIon Lo
reconsLrucL LIe wuveIorm on LIe screen.
AnuIog und DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
AnuIog und DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
PeopIe oILen preIer unuIog oscIIIoscope wIen
IL Is ImporLunL Lo dIspIuy rupIdIy vuryIng
sIgnuIs In reuI LIme or us LIey occur
DIgILuI oscIIIoscopes uIIow you Lo cupLure und
vIew evenLs LIuL muy Iuppen onIy once. TIey
cun process LIe dIgILuI wuveIorm duLu or send
LIe duLu Lo u compuLer Ior processIng.
AIso LIey cun sLore LIe dIgILuI wuveIorm duLu
Ior IuLer vIewIng und prInLIng.
AnuIog und DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
How Does An AnuIog OscIIIoscope
Work?
WIen you connecL un oscIIIoscope probe
Lo u cIrcuIL LIe voILuge sIgnuI LruveIs
LIrougI LIe probe Lo LIe verLIcuI sysLem oI
LIe oscIIIoscope.
DependIng on Iow you seL LIe verLIcuI
scuIe (voILsJ dIv conLroI) un uLLenuuLor
reduces LIe sIgnuI voILuge or un umpIIIIer
Increuses LIe sIgnuI voILuge.
How Does An AnuIog OscIIIoscope
Work?
NexL LIe sIgnuI uIso LruveIs Lo LIe LrIgger
sysLem Lo sLurL or LrIgger u IorIzonLuI sweep.
HorIzonLuI sweep Is u Lerm reIerrIng Lo LIe
ucLIon oI LIe IorIzonLuI sysLem cuusIng LIe
gIowIng doL Lo move ucross LIe screen.
TrIggerIng LIe IorIzonLuI sysLem cuuses LIe
IorIzonLuI LIme buse Lo move LIe gIowIng doL
ucross LIe screen Irom IeIL Lo rIgIL wILIIn u
specIIIc LIme InLervuI.
How Does An AnuIog OscIIIoscope
Work?
Muny sweeps In rupId sequence cuuse LIe
movemenL oI LIe gIowIng doL Lo bIend InLo
u soIId IIne.
AL IIgIer speed LIe doL muy sweep ucross
LIe screen up Lo ooooo LImes eucI
second.
TogeLIer LIe IorIzonLuI sweepIng ucLIon
und LIe verLIcuI deIIecLIon ucLIon Lruces u
grupI oI LIe sIgnuI on LIe screen.
How Does An AnuIog OscIIIoscope
Work?
TIe LrIgger Is necessury Lo sLubIIIze u
repeuLIng sIgnuI.
L ensures LIuL LIe sweep begIns uL LIe
sume poInL oI u repeuLIng sIgnuI resuILIng
In u cIeur pIcLure us sIown In Igure ;.
How Does An AnuIog OscIIIoscope
Work?
How Does An AnuIog OscIIIoscope
Work?
n concIusIon Lo use un unuIog oscIIIoscope
you need Lo udjusL LIree busIc seLLIng Lo
uccommoduLe un IncomIng sIgnuI:
1. TIe uLLenuuLIon or umpIIIIcuLIon oI LIe
sIgnuI.
Use LIe voILsJdIv conLroI Lo udjusL LIe
umpIILude oI LIe sIgnuI beIore IL Is uppIIed
Lo LIe verLIcuI deIIecLIon pIuLes.
How Does An AnuIog OscIIIoscope
Work?
. TIe LIme buse.
Use LIe secJdIv conLroI seL LIe umounL oI LIme
per dIvIsIon represenLed IorIzonLuIIy ucross LIe
screen.
. TIe LrIggerIng oI LIe oscIIIoscope
Use LIe LrIgger IeveI Lo sLubIIIze u repeuLIng
sIgnuI us weII us LrIggerIng on u sIngIe evenL.
AIso udjusL LIe Iocus und InLensILy conLroIs
enubIes you Lo creuLe sIurp vIsIbIe dIspIuy.
How Does An AnuIog OscIIIoscope
Work?
DIgILuI OscIIIoscope conLuIn uddILIonuI duLu
processIng sysLem (See Igure 8)
1. WILI LIe udded sysLem LIe dIgILuI
oscIIIoscope coIIecLs duLu Ior LIe enLIre
wuveIorm und LIe dIspIuys IL.
.WIen you uLLucI u dIgILuI oscIIIoscope
probe Lo u cIrcuIL verLIcuI sysLem udjusLs
LIe umpIILude oI LIe sIgnuI jusL us In LIe
unuIog oscIIIoscope.
How Does DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
Work?
How Does DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
Work?
. NexL LIe unuIog-Lo-dIgILuI converLer (ADC)
In LIe ucquIsILIon sysLem sumpIes LIe sIgnuI
uL dIscreLe poInLs In LIme und converLs LIe
sIgnuI`s voILuge uL LIese poInLs Lo dIgILuI
vuIues cuII sumpIe poInLs.
q. TIe IorIzonLuI sysLem`s sumpIe cIock
deLermInes Iow oILen LIe ADC Lukes u
sumpIe. TIe ruLe uL wIIcI LIe cIock LIcks Is
cuIIed LIe sumpIe ruLe und Is meusured In
sumpIes per second.
How Does DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
Work?
. TIe sumpIe poInLs Irom LIe ADC ure sLored
In memory us wuveIorm poInL. More LIun
one sumpIe poInL muy muke up one
wuveIorm poInL.
6. TogeLIer LIe wuveIorm poInLs muke up one
wuveIorm record Is cuIIed LIe record IengLI.
;. TIe LrIgger sysLem deLermInes LIe sLurL und
sLop poInLs oI LIe record. TIe dIspIuy
receIves LIese record poInLs uILer beIng
sLored In memory.
How Does DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
Work?
8.DependIng on LIe cupubIIILIes oI your
oscIIIoscope uddILIonuI processIng oI LIe
sumpIe poInLs muy Luke pIuce enIuncIng LIe
dIspIuy.
q.Pre-LrIgger muy be uvuIIubIe uIIowIng you Lo
see evenLs beIore LIe LrIgger poInL.
1o.undumenLuIIy wILI u dIgILuI oscIIIoscope us
wILI un unuIog oscIIIoscope you need Lo
udjusL LIe verLIcuI IorIzonLuI und LrIgger
seLLIng Lo Luke u meusuremenL
How Does DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
Work?
AnuIog OscIIIoscope
AdvunLuges
1. umIIIur conLroIs
. nsLunLuneous dIspIuy
upduLIng Ior reuI
udjusLmenLs
. DIrecL dedIcuLed conLroIs
Ior oILen-used udjusLmenL
IIke verLIcuI sensILIvILy
LImebuse speed Lruce
posILIon und IeveI conLroI
Iow cosL
DIsudvunLuges
1. ow uccurucy
. DIspIuy IIIcker undJ or
dIm dIspIuy
. No pre-LrIgger vIewIng
cupucILy
q. ImILed bundwIdLI
. HIgIer cosL oI ownersIIp
6. ImILed meusuremenL
cupubIIILy.
DIgILuI OscIIIoscope
AdvunLuges
1. DIspIuy sLoruge
. HIgI uccurucy
meusuremenLs
. AuLomuLIc meusuremenLs
q. Pre-LrIgger vIewIng
cupubIIILy
. SeII cuIIbruLIon
DIsudvunLuges
1. Cun be more cosLIy
. Cun be Iess InLuILIve Lo
operuLe becuuse LIey
LypIcuIIy Iuve more
IeuLures.
ConLroI uncLIon oI
OscIIIoscope
GOS-611 1ooMHz
ReudouL OscIIIoscope
ConLroI uncLIon OI OscIIIoscope
DSPLAY PANEL
DSPLAY
CONTROL
VERTCAL
CONTROL CH1
VERTCAL
CONTROL CH2
HORZONTAL
CONTROL
TRGGER
CONTROL
Front Panel of 100MHz GOS-6112 Oscilloscope
DSPAY CONTRO
uncLIon:
AdjusL LIe on-screen uppeurunce oI
LIe wuveIorm und u probe
compensuLIon sIgnuI source.
ComponenLs:
Power
nLen - TruceJ ReudouL
Truce RoLuLIon
ocus
CuI - reIerence sIgnuI Ior probe
udjusLmenL
ConLroI uncLIon OI OscIIIoscope
VERTCA CONTRO
uncLIon:
SeIecL LIe dIspIuyed sIgnuIs und conLroI
LIe umpIILude cIurucLerIsLIcs.
ComponenLs:
CH1 & CH PosILIon
ATJCHOPJADD-NV
CH1 & CH VOTJDV -LurnIng LIe knob CW or
CCW Lo Increuse or decreuse sensILIvILy In 1--
sequence (Runge mVJdIv Lo VJdIv)
MANJATJDEAY --Y
CH1 & CH ACJDC
CH1 & CH GDN - P 1o
ConLroI uncLIon OI OscIIIoscope
HORZONTA CONTRO
uncLIon:
SeIecL LIe LIme buse operuLIon mode und udjusL
LIe IorIzonLuI scuIe posILIon und
mugnIIIcuLIon oI LIe sIgnuI.
ComponenLs:
TMEJDV- CH1 & CH VOTJDV -LurnIng LIe knob
CW or CCW Lo Increuse or decreuse LIe deIIecLIon
coeIIIcIenL In 1-- sequence (Runge o.sJdIv Lo
onsJdIv)-MTB
MANJATJDEAY --Y
ConLroI uncLIon OI OscIIIoscope
TRGGER CONTRO
uncLIon:
DeLermIne LIe sweep sLurL LImIng Ior boLI
sIgnuI und duuI Lruce operuLIon.
ComponenLs:
MODE
EVE- cuuses u dIIIerenL LrIgger InpuL seLLIng
(voILuge) und seL u suILubIe posILIon Ior sLurLIng oI
LrIggered sweep oI LIe wuveIorm.
COUPNG
SOURCE
DEAY-HO
TV-VJTV-H
SOPE
ConLroI uncLIon OI OscIIIoscope
Types oI OscIIIoscope Probes
1. PussIve probe . AcLIve probes
W SIngIe ended
W DIIIerenLIuI
W CurrenL
PussIve Probes
W MosL wIdeIy used
W MosL rugged und economIcuI.
W No ucLIve componenLs sucI us
LrunsIsLors or umpIIIIers In LIe
probe
W Do noL need Lo be
powered
100MHz GOS-6112 passive probe
AcLIve Probes
W ConLuIn u smuII ucLIve
umpIIIIer buIIL InLo LIe
probe body neur LIe
probe LIp.
W CupucILunce very Iow Iess
LIun p.
W HIgI InpuL Impedunce on
IIgI IrequencIes.
W Used on IIgI-Impedunce
cIrcuILs LIuL wouId be
serIousIy Iouded by
pussIve probes.
W AcLIve probes ure LIe
IeusL InLrusIve oI uII LIe
probes.
AcLIve Probes
DIIIerenLIuI ucLIve
Probes
W Used Lo Iook uL sIgnuIs LIuL ure reIerenced
Lo eucI oLIer InsLeud oI eurLI ground
W Used Lo Iook uL smuII sIgnuIs In LIe
presence oI Iurge DC oIIseLs or oLIer
common mode sIgnuIs sucI us power IIne
noIse.
SIngIe-ended probes
W TImIng und voILuge meusuremenLs ure
more uccuruLe uL IIgI bundwIdLIs
W eusL InLrusIve Lo cIrcuILs under LesL.
2800A-03A InfiniiMax III probe amplifier
1156A/57A/58A 1.5/2.5/4 GHz
active probe
AcLIve Probes
CurrenL Probes
W Sense LIe currenL IIowIng LIrougI
u conducLor und converL IL Lo u
voILuge LIuL cun be vIewed und
meusured on un oscIIIoscope.
W MeusuremenL bundwIdLIs Irom
DC Lo 1oo MHz
1147A 50 MHz current probe
MeusuremenL oI OscIIIoscope
W VoILuge MeusuremenLs
W PerIod und requency
MeusuremenLs
W PIuse MeusuremenLs or
TIme DeIuy
W TIe verLIcuI scuIe Is cuIIbruLed In eILIer voILs per dIvIsIon
or mIIIvoILs per dIvIsIon.
W UsIng LIe scuIe seLLIng oI LIe scope und LIe sIgnuI
meusured oII LIe Iuce oI LIe scope LIen IL cun meusured
peuk-Lo-peuk voILuge Ior un uc sIgnuI
Voltage Measurement
( = (no. o{ .ci.v vi.i.ion) _ (.o.,vi.) _ (oc nviic)
( = 2(
( = (,2
(v. = 0. (
(n. = 0.0( (cv .ovc)
Volt/Div : 100mV/Div, Time/Div : 0.5ms/Div)
a) Voltage Peak-to-Peak
V
p-p
V/Div) x No. oI vert. div.
100 mV/div x .8 x 2)
0.76 V
b) Voltage Peak
V
p
V/Div) x No. oI vert. div.
100 mV/div x .8)
0.8 V
Voltage Measurement
PEROD
HorIzonLuI scuIe oI LIe scope cun be used Lo meusure LIme In
second mIIIsecond or nunosecond.
TIe InLervuI oI u puIse Irom sLurL Lo end Is LIe perIod oI LIe puIse.
REQUENCY
TIe meusuremenL oI u repeLILIve wuveIorm perIod cun be used Lo
cuIcuIuLe LIe sIgnuI Irequency.
PerIod und requency MeusuremenL
!ciov (I)= (noi:onv vi.i.ion) _ (inc,vi.) o
= (onc .,.c vi.vn.c) _ (inc,vi.)
I= 1,I
Time/Div : 0.5ms/Div)
a) Period, T
T Time/Div) x no.
div/cycle)
0.5ms/div x 10
5ms
b) Frequency, I
I 1/T
1/5ms
200 Hz
PerIod und requency
MeusuremenL
W The time interval between pulses is called
pulse delay.
W The pulse delay is measured between the
midpoint at the start oI each pulse
PIuse SIIIL (PIuse DIIIerenL)
!nv.c vi{{ccn.c,= (nv.c vi{{ccn.c in vi.i.ion) _ (vccc.,vi.)
1 cycle 10 div
TD 2 div
ThereIore,
1 cycle : 10 div 60
o
1 div 60
o
/ 10 6
o
2 div 2 x 6
o
72
o
Time/Div : 0.5ms/Div)
PIuse SIIIL (PIuse DIIIerenL)
SIgnuI GeneruLor
W AIso known us:
uncLIon generuLor
PILcI generuLor
ArbILrury generuLor
WuveIorm generuLor
DIgILuI puLLern generuLor or
requency generuLor
W uncLIons
To generuLe repeuLIng
o r no n- r e pe u L I ng
eIecLronIc sIgnuIs (In
eILIer LIe unuIog or
dI gI L u I domu I ns ) .
W Uses
desI gnI ng LesLI ng
LroubIesIooLIng und
repuIrIng eIecLronIc or
eIecLroucousLIc devIces
SIgnuI GeneruLor
Leader nstruments LSG-15 signal generator
Generul porpose signul generutors
W uncLIon generuLor
produces sImpIe
repeLILIve wuveIorms.
conLuIn un eIecLronIc
oscIIIuLor u cIrcuIL LIuL
cupubIe oI creuLIng u
repeuLuLIve wuveIorm.
TIe mosL common
wuveIorm Is u sIne
wuve suwLooLI sLep
(puIse) und LrIunguIur
Sine, square, triangle and sawtooth
waveforms.
Sweep IuncLIon generuLor
AmpIitude DC Offset Sym Sweep
Attenuator
Function
Range
Frequency
DiaI
ronL puneI IuncLIons
#unge switch
W requency runge seIecLor
onction switch
W SeIecL sIne squure und
LrIungIe wuve ouLpuL
ttenoutor
W SeIecLs ouLpuL IeveI In
IIxed odB
$weep rute control
W AdjusL sweep ruLe oI
InLernuI sweep generuLor
2plitode control
W AdjusLs mugnILude oI
sweep
OIIset
W Adds +ve und -ve DC
componenL Lo ouLpuL
sIgnuI
$22etr control
W AdjusLs symmeLry oI
ouLpuL Irom 1:1 (CA
posILIon Lo q:1)
rbitrur wuveIor2 generutors
An urbitrur wuveIor2 generutor (G) Is u pIece oI eIecLronIc LesL
equIpmenL used Lo generuLe eIecLrIcuI wuveIorms. TIese wuveIorms cun be
eILIer repeLILIve or sIngIe-sIoL (once onIy) In wIIcI cuse some kInd oI
LrIggerIng source Is requIred (InLernuI or exLernuI). TIe resuILIng wuveIorms
cun be InjecLed InLo u devIce under LesL und unuIyzed us LIey progress LIrougI
LIe devIce conIIrmIng LIe proper operuLIon oI LIe devIce or pInpoInLIng u
IuuIL In LIe devIce
Precision model 4078 Dual Channel Arbitrary Waveform Generator
!itch generutors und uodio generutors
W A pitch generutor Is u Lype oI sIgnuI
generuLor opLImIzed Ior use In uudIo
und ucousLIcs uppIIcuLIons. PILcI
generuLors LypIcuIIy IncIude sIne wuves
over LIe uudIo Irequency runge (oHz-
o kHz).
W PILcI generuLors ure LypIcuIIy used In
conjuncLIon wILI sound IeveI meLer
wIen meusurIng LIe ucousLIcs oI u
room or u sound reproducLIon sysLem
undJor wILI oscIIIoscopes or specIuIIzed
uudIo unuIyzers.
A pitch generator and a probe for locating a specific pair
of wires amongst many, for example in a punch block
'ideo signul generutors
W A video signul generutor Is u devIce wIIcI ouLpuLs
predeLermIned vIdeo undJor LeIevIsIon wuveIorms und oLIer sIgnuIs
used Lo sLImuIuLe IuuILs In or uId In purumeLrIc meusuremenLs oI
LeIevIsIon und vIdeo sysLems.
%est signul generutors
Generutes test putterns, und other oseIol test signuls, Ior
troobleshooting und unulzing television sste2s.
'%$ inserters
verticul intervul test signul inserter, or '%$ inserter inserts test
putterns into the verticul intervuloI u television signul.
$nc polse generutors {$!G)
Prodoces snchronizution signuls, with u high level oI stubilit und
uccoruc. %hese devices ure osed to provide u 2uster ti2ing soorce
Ior u video Iucilit.
Course AssessmenL
ConLInuous AssessmenL o%
u. QuIz - q = 1o%
b. TIeory TesL - = o%
c. PrucLIcuI TesL - =o%
d. ub Work - 6 =o%
e. AssIgnmenL - = 1o%
ToLuI = 1oo%
InuI ExumInuLIon o%
u. ObjecLIve
W o QuesLIons = o%
b. Essuy
W q QuesLIons
W Answer =o%
c. SLrucLure
W 1 QuesLIons =o%
ToLuI =1oo%