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MASS STORAGE DEVICE

3.2 HARD DISK DRIVE

HARD DRIVES (HDD)


The

hard disk drive or hard drive is the main location where all data is stored. Most hard disk drives consists of spinning platters of aluminum, glass or ceramic that are coated with a magnetic media. A single hard disk usually consists of several platters. Each platter requires two read/write heads, one for each side all the read/write heads are attached to a single access arm so that they cannot move independently. Each platter has the same number of tracks, and a track location that cuts across all platters is called a cylinder. For example, a typical 84MB hard disk for a PC might have two platters (four sides) and 1053 cylinders.

TIPS FOR BUYING A HDD


CAPACITY Typical hard drives are about 100GB they can go up to 500GB the more information such as pictures, files, music and videos your going to store more space your going to need. RPM

The best is 10,000 rotation per minute (rpm) however you should consider buying a hard drive with a fast rotational speed of 7,200 rpm or higher. You should expect to speed less for a slower 5,400 rpm hard drive.

SEEK

TIME

You should look for an average seek time of fewer than 12 milliseconds (ms), and a data transfer speed rate of at least 15 mega bytes per second. The actual sustained speed of the drive will be less than the maximum Burst speed.
BUFFER 8MB or better. When a system requests data, a hard drive will not only fetch what is requested, but it will also load its buffer memory with extra information that the processor is likely to ask for next. I found that drives with 8MB performed is best for disk intensive task.

TRANSFER

SPEED

PATA - 33, 66, 100, 133MB/s, SATA 150 to 300MB/s and SCSI - 320MB/s.

INTERNAL PARTS OF HDD


PLATTERS

VOICE

COIL ACTUATOR HEAD ARM SPINDLE MOTOR READ/WRITE HEADS SENSORS

WHAT IS PLATTER, HEADS, TRACKS, SECTOR, CYLINDER & CLUSTER.


PLATTER

The actual fixed disk with in the hard disk drive. Generally there can be several platters with in the hard disk drive.
HEADS

Each side of a platter.


TRACKS

Large sections that completely circles the

platter.
SECTOR

Section on the track.

CYLINDER

Tracks of the same diameter on each platter.


CLUSTER

A small storage area in the sector.

TYPES OF HDD According to their Interface

PATA
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment

SATA
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

SCSI
Small Computer System Interface

TYPES OF HDD

INTERNAL HDD

EXTERNAL HDD

TYPES OF PATA HDD

IDE EIDE ATA ATA-2 ATA/33 OR ULTRA-DMA/2 ATA/66 OR ULTRA-DMA/4 ATA/100 OR ULTRA-DMA/5 ATA/133 OR ULTRA-DMA/6

HARD DRIVE GEOMETRY

A typical 504MB HDD has 1024 cylinders 16 heads 63 sectors/track 512 bytes/sector A typical 8.4GB HDD has 1024 cylinders 256 heads 63 sectors/track 512 bytes/sector

HOW TO CONNECT PATA HDD

HOW TO CONNECT SATA HDD

HARD DRIVE MAINTENANCE

DEFRAG: A DOS and Windows utility that


defragments your hard disk. In Windows 95, you run Defrag by selecting Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> System tools -> Disk Defragmenter.

SCANDISK: A DOS and Windows utility that


finds different types of errors on hard disks and is able to correct some of them. In DOS, you run scandisk by entering scandisk at the prompt and pressing the Enter key. In windows 95, you can run scandisk by selecting Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> System tools -> Scandisk.

Among other things, Scandisk checks the disk platters for defects and also looks for lost clusters that are sometimes created when a program aborts. In Windows 2K/XP go to Start -> Run -> cmd and type CHKDSK from the command prompt.

SIZE INFORMATION
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Bit Nibble Byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Petabyte Exabyte Zettabyte Yottabyte

Value of 0 or 1 4 Bits 8 Bits 1024 Bits 1024 KB 1024 MB 1024 GB 1024 TB 1024 PB 1024 EB 1024 ZB

FILE SYSTEM

FAT 12 FAT or FAT 16 FAT 32 NTFS EFS CDFS DVDFS

Ext2, Ext3 UFS

Floppy MSDOS, Windows 3X etc Windows 98, 2000, XP etc Windows XP, Vista, 7, etc Related to NTFS OS It helps to write & reading the cd. It helps to write & reading the dvd. Non Dos OS, Linux Non Dos OS, Unix

FAT = File Allocation Table NTFS = New Technology File System EFS = Encrypted File System CDFS = Compact Disk File System DVDFS = Digital Versatile Disk File System or Digital Video Disk File System UFS = Unix File System

Difference between PATA & SATA


PATA Max Speed 33-133 MB/s Cable Length 36 inches Cable Pins 40 Power Connector Pins 4 Power Consumption 5 Volts Hot Swappable No Device Per Cable 2 SATA 150-300 MB/s 1 Meter or 40 7 15 250 Milli Volts Yes 1

Hard Disk Jumper Setting


Several different connectors and jumpers are used to configure the hard disk and connect it to the rest of the system. The number and types of connectors on the hard disk depend on the data interface it uses to connect to the system, the manufacturer of the drive and any special features that the drive may posses. Instructions for setting common jumpers are usually printed right on the drive; full instructions for all jumpers will be in the products manual, or on the manufacturers web site.

Primary Master & Primary Slave setting

Secondary Master & Secondary Slave setting

THANK YOU
-Abdul Riyaz

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