Multistage Amplifier

Presented by: MUHAMMAD IQWAN MUSTAFFA MUHAMMAD SOLIHIN NIK MOHAMAD SABRI

 Amplifier is a device for increasing the power of a signal (usually a voltage

or current signal)

Introduction
Multistage Amplifier - used to achieve higher gain and to provide better control of input and output impedances. Better than single stage amplifier 1. Flexibility in input and output impedence. 2. Much higher gain.

Two general classes of multistage amplifier

1. Open-loop amplifiers :Are easy to understand and design but are sensitive to environment and component variations. 2. Negative feedback amplifiers :Are a bit more difficult to understand but have the advantage of being much less sensitive to environment and component variations.

Open loop amplifiers diagram

Negative feedback amplifiers

PNP and NPN transistor are often used in multistage amplifier. Its for improved characteristics over what could be achieve by using only one type.

Stage Number 1 CE CE CC 2 CE CC CE 3 4

Characteristics R in Medium Medium High R out Medium Low Medium Voltage gain High Medium Medium

CC
CE

CC
CE CE

Very high
Medium

Very low
Medium

<1
Extremely high

CE
CE CE CC CC

CE
CC CC CE CE

CC
CE CC CE CC

Medium
Medium Medium High High

Low
Medium Very low Medium Low

Very high
Very high Medium Very high Medium

CC
CC CC

CC
CC CE

CE
CC CE CC

Very high
Very high High

Medium
Very low Low

Medium
<1 Very high

Descriptor gain Low Medium High Very high 5000

R in or R out less than a few hundred Ohms A few hundred to a few thousand Ohms a few thousand to a few ten thousand Ohms many tens of thousands of Ohms

Voltage

less than 50 50 to 500 500 to

AC Coupled

The use of AC coupling requires a lot of capacitors and resistors. It is to arrange for the quiescent voltage at 1st stage.

Multistage amplifier with AC coupling

DC coupled

Multistage amplifier with DC coupling

Multistage open-loop amplifier

High voltage gain amplifier

The gain can be up to several ten thousand if RE1B and RE2B are zero.

High input impedance amplifier

This feature provides a much higher power gain than can be achieved with a common-emitter amplifier alone. This circuit features very low temperature sensitivity because the baseemitter voltage drops of the two transistors practically cancel.

High input impedance, low output impedance, high voltage gain amplifier This is direct coupled amplifiers without negative feedback. This circuit features an emitter follower for the input stage thus providing high input impedance and an emitter follower for the output stage thus providing low output impedance.

Multistage closed-loop amplifiers

Simple inverting amplifier with feedback

The output DC voltage is generally set to VCC/2 by the ratio of the feedback resistor to the base resistor to ground. The inverting gain is set by the ratio of the feedback resistor to the input resistor.

High gain inverting amplifier with feedback

Operation is similar except that much higher gains can be achieved.

Non-inverting amplifier with feedback

This is an example of in-phase feedback to boost input impedance while lowering output impedance. The feedback stabilizes the DC bias and voltage gain.