THEORIES OF NURSING INFORMATICS & SOFTWARE

By: LUMINARIAS, ANNA BETTINA B.

Lewins change management theory The Novice to Expert Theory The Diffusion of Innovation Theory

Lewins change management theory

is a planned change guide that consists of three distinct and vital stages:

 UNFREEZING- The first stage involves finding a method of making it possible for people to let go of an old pattern that was counterproductive in some way. This is the stage where the desire to change occurs, or at least the recognition that change is needed

 CHANGE/ MOVING STAGE- The second stage involves a process of changein thoughts, feelings, behavior, or all three, that is in some way more liberating or more productive than doing things the old way. During this stage, the people involved (change target group) are convinced that the new way is better than the old.

 REFREEZING- The third and final stage consists of establishing the change as a new habit or process, so that it now becomes the standard operating procedure or status quo. Rewards, support, and champion leadership continue to be important through this stage, which is essentially ongoing until the next major change is needed.

 *Driving forces are forces that influence a situation, pushing in a particular direction: they tend to initiate a change and keep it going. In terms of improving productivity in a work group, pressure from a supervisor, incentives, frustration with the current way of doing things (such as paper documentation) and competitive or social demands are examples of potential driving forces.

 *Restraining forces are forces that act to restrain or decrease the driving forces they make it difficult to move a change forward. Apathy, prohibitive cost, hostility, technology illiteracy and poor maintenance of equipment are examples of restraining forces which can inhibit change and may restrict productivity.

The Novice to Expert Theory,

, provides a very useful and important theory that clearly applies to nursing informatics. In fact, the Dreyfus brothers developed the model while working with artificial intelligence development and expert computer system programming.

The theory can be applied to: the development of nursing informatics skills, competencies, knowledge and expertise in nursing informatics specialists; the development of technological system competencies in practicing nurses working in an institution; the education of nursing students, from first year to graduation and; the transition from graduate nurse to expert nurse.

in this course, the application to the first and second group will be examined the development of a novice to expert competence level in nursing informatics theory and practice applications for the evolving nurse informatics specialist and for practicing nurses.

The Diffusion of Innovation Theory

was first discussed historically in 1903 by the French sociologist Gabriel Tarde who plotted the original S-shaped diffusion curve, followed by Ryan and Gross (1943)

 The Diffusion of Innovation theory is often regarded as a valuable change model for guiding technological innovation where the innovation itself is modified and presented in ways that meet the needs across all levels of adopters. It also stresses the importance of communication and peer networking within the adoption process.

What would you choose and apply in your nursing informatics as nursing student?
For me I would choose the Lewins change management theory. In his theory I learned that there are diving forces and restraining forces that influences the change. I think this theory would be perfect for nursing informatics because of the experiences of the nurse it triggers him/her to act to make her work easy. Since nursing informatics is a field of nursing which is being developed those experiences of nurses can make technological projects to lessen their workload.

 As nursing student the forces that restrain the production would make us more critical in our decisions and we will learn to be more resourceful and because of the driving forces that we encounter it would make us utilize our creativeness and passion.

FOSS/Free and Open Source Software

In other words, FOSS is software whose source code is openly available. People can install and even modify FOSS as they please, so long as they follow a few basic requirements listed in the license. This arrangement makes FOSS the opposite of proprietary software and one of the most original developments in the history of IT.

 FOSS is a combination of two terms, free software and open source. Both free software and open source refer to software that is licensed in the same way, but the separate terms imply a difference in the reasons for the licensing.

 For most free software supporters, the licensing is a way to ensure software freedom, or the ability of users to control their computers and their contents. By contrast, for most open source supporters, the licensing is a way to improve the quality of software. The open source argument is that, because the source code is available, bugs will be more easily discovered.

BENEFITS:
1. The freedom to run the program for any purpose; 2. The freedom to study and modify the program; 3. The freedom to copy the program so you can help your neighbor, and 4. The freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits.

REGISTERED SOFTWARE
software is fixed in a tangible medium, you own the copyright. That means that no one may copy, distribute, display, or make adaptations of the work without your permission. However, actual copyright registration provides you with significant advantages.

BENEFITS:
1. Control over what and when things get deleted or removed 2. You can schedule some programs to run every couple of weeks to ensure your computer is being maintained 3. They will remove unused or unsafe files and as a result your computer will run faster and be more smoothly. 4. Sometimes the free registry cleaners contain malware which can be very dangerous for your computer.