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CA1 (35 %)
◦ Assignments -15% (review, sketching,
case study)
◦ 2 BB Quizzes -10% (turning and milling)
◦ General Performance -10% (attitude,
attendance..)
CA2 (40%)
◦ Practical (machining tape holder -
individual)
CA3 (25%)
◦ Mini Project (machining car chassis and
Learning Objectives:
Facing tool
Undercutting
tool
Radius forming
Parting Chamfering Knife tool
Knurling tool tool turning tool
tool
Facing and
turning tool
Can you give other examples of
turning besides facing and parallel
turning?
Compare and contrast the differences of a
4-way tool-post (above) and quick change
tool-post?
On Centre –
good finish
Above Centre -
not cutting
Below Centre –
poor finish
α = Front Clearance
β = Wedge Angle
Locking screw
Insert
Chip
Breaker
Insert holder
Sleeve
Live
✂ Expansion mandrel –
slight difference (up to
2mm variation) in
diameter
✂ Cone mandrel – large
variation in diameter
allowed.
Workpiece
Fixed
Steady
Travelling
Steady
1. How would you hold a hollow thin wall round
pipe for turning?
2. When is a faceplate used?
3. Explain the reason why the 3-jaw chuck is
self-centred.
4. State the advantages of a 4-jaw chuck.
Learning Objectives:
Major cutting
edge
Minor cutting edge Major cutting edge
angle
Side (Major) cutting edge angle - Mainly responsible for the chip
removal
End (Minor) Cutting edge angle - Mainly responsible for producing
the finished workpiece surface
Nose radius - Influences the surface finish of the workpiece
Continuous ------------ Discontinuous Chips
1. Compressive stress cause movement of
metal.
2. Then, compression increases until plastic
flow or rupture (or fracture) occurs.
Uniform thickness
Fa
0
sec
1 rev = π
d
N = 1000V (rev/min)
πd
1000 * 40
= ------------------ = 255 (rev / min)
3.142 * 50
Calculate the time taken to turn a brass component 65
mm diameter by 95 mm long, if the cutting speed is
45 m/min and the feed is 0.6 mm/rev. Only one cut is
to be taken.
π
π
Work done = force * dist moved
= force * Circumference * N
=F*2π rN
= F*π dN
Power is the rate of doing work
= F*π dN Nm or watts
1000*60 sec
π DN
WORKDONE = Ft (Newtons) x ---------- (Nm/min) or (Joules /
min)
1000
π DN 1
CUTTING POWER (watts) = Ft x ------------- x ------ (Nm / sec)
1000 60
Fa x Feed x N
FEED POWER = ------------------------ (Joules / s or Watts)
1000 x 60
F=1.5mm/rev D=3mm
= (mm³/min)/watt
Lower cutting
forces
Normal force, N, on
N supported part
negative rake Less likely to break
Operate at higher
speed
Higher compressive
forces
Functions:
Cooling and lubrication
Better surface finish and accuracy
Flushing away chips
Longer Tool life
Preventing chip welding, corrosion
Permits higher speed and feedrate
1. Explain the difference between cutting
speed and spindle speed.
2. What are the factors that determine
cutting speed?
3. What is SMRR used for?
4. Explain the toughness of cutting tool
material.
5. Compare and contrast positive and
negative back rake angle.
Introduction to Milling Operations