A2 Chemistry

Some Rate of Reaction Exam Questions

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Q1 One cause of low-level smog is the reaction of ozone, O3, with ethane, C2H4. producing methanal, HCHO(g). O3(g) + C2H4(g) 2HCHO(g) + O2(g) (a) The rate of reaction is investigated by varying the concentrations of either C2H4(g) or O3(g) at constant temperature and measuring the initial rate of formation of HCHO(g). The results are shown below. For each reactant, deduce the order of reaction. Show your reasoning. Expt. [O3(g)] / moldm-3 [C2H4(g)] / moldm-3 Rate / moldm-3s-1

1
2 3

1.00 x 10-6
4.00 x 10-6 8.00 x 10-6

1.00 x 10-7
1.00 x 10-7 2.00 x 10-7

1.00 x 10-12
4.00 x 10-12 1.60 x 10-11

Q1 One cause of low-level smog is the reaction of ozone, O3, with ethane, C2H4. producing methanal, HCHO(g). O3(g) + C2H4(g) 2HCHO(g) + O2(g) (a) The rate of reaction is investigated by varying the concentrations of either C2H4(g) or O3(g) at constant temperature and measuring the initial rate of formation of HCHO(g). The results are shown below. For each reactant, deduce the order of reaction. Show your reasoning. Expt. [O3(g)] / moldm-3 [C2H4(g)] / moldm-3 Rate / moldm-3s-1

1
2 3

1.00 x 10-6
4.00 x 10-6 8.00 x 10-6

1.00 x 10-7
1.00 x 10-7 2.00 x 10-7

1.00 x 10-12
4.00 x 10-12 1.60 x 10-11

For expts 1 and 2, [C2H4(g)] is constant while [O3(g)] increases by x 4

Q1 One cause of low-level smog is the reaction of ozone, O3, with ethane, C2H4. producing methanal, HCHO(g). O3(g) + C2H4(g) 2HCHO(g) + O2(g) (a) The rate of reaction is investigated by varying the concentrations of either C2H4(g) or O3(g) at constant temperature and measuring the initial rate of formation of HCHO(g). The results are shown below. For each reactant, deduce the order of reaction. Show your reasoning. Expt. [O3(g)] / moldm-3 [C2H4(g)] / moldm-3 Rate / moldm-3s-1

1
2 3

1.00 x 10-6
4.00 x 10-6 8.00 x 10-6

1.00 x 10-7
1.00 x 10-7 2.00 x 10-7

1.00 x 10-12
4.00 x 10-12 1.60 x 10-11

For expts 1 and 2, [C2H4(g)] is constant while [O3(g)] increases by x 4 This causes the rate to increase by x 4 Reaction is first order for O3(g).

Q1 One cause of low-level smog is the reaction of ozone, O3, with ethane, C2H4. producing methanal, HCHO(g). O3(g) + C2H4(g) 2HCHO(g) + O2(g) (a) The rate of reaction is investigated by varying the concentrations of either C2H4(g) or O3(g) at constant temperature and measuring the initial rate of formation of HCHO(g). The results are shown below. For each reactant, deduce the order of reaction. Show your reasoning. Expt. [O3(g)] / moldm-3 [C2H4(g)] / moldm-3 Rate / moldm-3s-1

1
2 3

1.00 x 10-6
4.00 x 10-6 8.00 x 10-6

1.00 x 10-7
1.00 x 10-7 2.00 x 10-7

1.00 x 10-12
4.00 x 10-12 1.60 x 10-11

For expts 2 and 3, [C2H4(g)] and [O3(g)] both increase by x 2

Q1 One cause of low-level smog is the reaction of ozone, O3, with ethane, C2H4. producing methanal, HCHO(g). O3(g) + C2H4(g) 2HCHO(g) + O2(g) (a) The rate of reaction is investigated by varying the concentrations of either C2H4(g) or O3(g) at constant temperature and measuring the initial rate of formation of HCHO(g). The results are shown below. For each reactant, deduce the order of reaction. Show your reasoning. Expt. [O3(g)] / moldm-3 [C2H4(g)] / moldm-3 Rate / moldm-3s-1

1
2 3

1.00 x 10-6
4.00 x 10-6 8.00 x 10-6

1.00 x 10-7
1.00 x 10-7 2.00 x 10-7

1.00 x 10-12
4.00 x 10-12 1.60 x 10-11

For expts 2 and 3, [C2H4(g)] and [O3(g)] both increase by x 2 These cause the rate to increase by x 4 But [O3(g)] x 2 will cause rate to double because first order (see earlier) [C2H4(g)] x 2 also causes rate to double Reaction is first order for C2H4(g).

Q1 (b) Deduce the rate equation for this reaction and calculate the value of the rate constant, stating its units.

Reaction is first order for both O3(g) and C2H4(g)

Rate = k [O3(g)] [C2H4(g)]

k = Rate [O3(g)] [C2H4(g)]

Using data from experiment 1

Expt. 1 [O3(g)] / moldm-3 1.00 x 10-6 [C2H4(g)] / moldm-3 1.00 x 10-7 Rate / moldm-3s-1 1.00 x 10-12

1.00 x 10-12 1.00 x 10-6 x 1.00 x 10-7

mol dm-3 s-1 mol dm-3 x mol dm-3

10.0 mol-1dm3 s-1

Q1 (c) Deduce the initial rate of formation of O2(g) in experiment 1, explaining your answer. -13 -3 -1

2.50 x 10 moldm s since HCHO and O2 form in the ratio of 4:1.

(d) If the experiment was repeated at a higher temperature, how would this affect the rate of the reaction and the value of the rate constant?

Both will increase

(e) Using NO, produced by combustion in car engines, ozone is formed by the following mechanism NO(g) + O2(g) NO2(g) NO2(g) NO(g) + O(g) O2(g) + O(g) O3(g) Write the overall equation for this reaction sequence and identify the catalyst, justifying your answer.

O2(g) + O2(g) O3(g) NO since it is used and reformed during the reaction.
What will the rate equation be if the first step is rate-determining?

Rate = k[NO(g)][O2(g)]

Q2 The following table shows the results of three experiments carried out at the same temperature to investigate the rate of the reaction between compounds S and T. Use the data in the table to deduce the orders of reaction with respect to S and T. Expt. 1 Expt. 2 Expt. 3

Initial concentration of S / moldm-3

Initial concentration of T / moldm-3 Initial rate / moldm-3 s-1

0.50
0.36 7.6 10-3

0.25
0.36 1.9 10-3

0.25
0.72 3.8 10-3

In expts 1 and 2, ONLY [S] varies As [S] changes by x (0.50M to 0.25M), rate changes by x (7.6 10-3 to 1.9 10-3) Order w.r.t. S is 2 In expts 2 and 3, ONLY [T] varies As [T] changes by x 2 (0.36M to 0.72M), rate changes by x 2 (1.9 10-3 to 3.8 10-3) Order w.r.t. T is 1

Q2 (b) In another reaction between X and Y, the order of reaction with respect to X is one, the order of reaction with respect to Y is two and the rate constant at temperature T1 has a value of 4.20 10-4 mol-2 dm6 s-1.

Write a rate equation for the reaction.

Rate = k[X][Y]2

Calculate a value for the initial rate of reaction when the initial concentration of X is 0.16 moldm-3 and that of Y is 0.84 moldm-3.

Rate = 4.20 10-4 [0.16][0.84]2 = 4.74 x 10-5 mol-2 dm6 s-1.

In a second experiment performed at a different temperature, T2, the initial rate of reaction is 8.1 10-5 mol-2 dm6 s-1 when the initial concentration of X is 0.76 moldm-3 and that of Y is 0.98 moldm-3. Calculate the value of the rate constant at T2.

k =

Rate = 8.10 x 10-5 = 1.11 x 10-4 mol-2dm6 s-1 [X] [Y]2 0.76 x 0.982

Deduce and explain which of T1 and T2 is the higher temperature.

T1 because it has the higher k value. (4.74 x 10-5 > 1.11 x 10-5)

The End