Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

 Autotrophs

capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food.

Heterotrophs must get energy by eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs. Decomposers, aka saprobes, are heterotrophs that recycle dead organisms by breaking them down.

 Taxonomy is the science of grouping

and naming organisms.

Classification the grouping of information or objects based on similarities.

We only know about a fraction of the organisms that exist or have existed on Earth. Taxonomists give a unique scientific name to each species they know about whether its alive today or extinct.
The scientific name comes from one of two dead languages Latin or ancient Greek. Why use a dead language?

Devil Cat

Ghost Cat

Mountain Lion

Screaming Cat

Puma

Florida Panther

Cougar

There are at least 50 common names for the animal shown on the previous 7 slides. Common names vary according to region.

Soooowhy use a scientific name?

Binomial Nomenclature
a two name system for writing scientific names. The genus name is written first (always Capitalized). The species name is written second (never capitalized). Both words are italicized if typed or underlined if hand written.

Example: Felis concolor or F. concolor

Which is the genus? The species?

Phylogenetic trees are usually based on a combination of these lines of evidence: Fossil record

Morphology
Embryological patterns of development Chromosomes and DNA

Fossil

Morphology

Homologous Structures

modifies homologous structures Adaptive Radiation Modifies homologous structures

Embryology

DNA

The Dichotomous Key

A key is a device for easily and quickly identifying an unknown organism. The dichotomous key is the most widely used type in biological sciences. The user is presented with a sequence of choices between two statements, couplets, based on characteristics of the organism. By always making the correct choice, the name of the organism will be revealed.

A. one pair of wings 1. B. Two pairs of wings

 Includes newly discovered cell types The Three Domains Contains 1 kingdom the Archaebacteria

Domain Archaea

Domain Bacteria

Includes other members of old kingdom Monera Has 1 kingdom the Eubacteria

Domain Eukarya

Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made up of eukaryotic cells Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae

The major classification levels, from most general to most specific (several of these have subdivisions)

A group at any level is a taxon.

Categories within Kingdoms

Kingdoms are divided into groups called phyla Phyla are subdivided into classes Classes are subdivided into orders

Orders are subdivided into families

Families are divided into genera Genera contain closely related species Species is unique