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  • JSPIntro

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    JSP pages are translated into a Java Servlet And then compiled on Tomcat, the compilation happens the first time a page is requested first request can be very slow! Afterwards, just as fast as a servlet (because it is then a servlet) E.g. Return a value included in the output Directives, Declarations and Scriptlets also have: Directives Instructions to the compiler Examples: Include another page (compile-time) Import some java packages (comma

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    JSP pages are translated into a Java Servlet And then compiled on Tomcat, the compilation happens the first time a page is requested first request can be very slow! Afterwards, just as fast as a servlet (because it is then a servlet) E.g. Return a value included in the output Directives, Declarations and Scriptlets also have: Directives Instructions to the compiler Examples: Include another page (compile-time) Import some java packages (comma

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    19 просмотров32 страницы

    JSPIntro

    Загружено:

    Laxman Yadav
    JSP pages are translated into a Java Servlet And then compiled on Tomcat, the compilation happens the first time a page is requested first request can be very slow! Afterwards, just as fast as a servlet (because it is then a servlet) E.g. Return a value included in the output Directives, Declarations and Scriptlets also have: Directives Instructions to the compiler Examples: Include another page (compile-time) Import some java packages (comma

    Авторское право:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате PPT, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
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    из 32

    Introduction to JSP with Forms and JavaBeans

    Simon M. Lucas CC292

    Overview
    Embeds Java code In HTML tags When used well

    Simple way to generate dynamic web-pages Terribly messy (and may violate OaOO) Use external helper classes (Beans?)

    When misused (complex embedded Java)

    Keep the embedded Java simple

    Life Cycle
    A JSP page is translated into a Java Servlet And then compiled On Tomcat, the compilation happens the first time a page is requested First request can be very slow! Afterwards, just as fast as a Servlet (because it is then a servlet)

    Hello World
    <html> <head> <title> Hello JSP </title> </head> <body> <p> Hello World: <%= new java.util.Date() %> </p> </body> </html> See also: Date_jsp.java the Servlet this page is translated to

    Date_jsp.java (extract)
    This extract shows the part that produces the output compare it with the JSP: out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out;
    out.write("<html>\r\n"); out.write("<head> "); out.write("<title> Hello JSP "); out.write("</title> "); out.write("</head>\r\n"); out.write("<body> \r\n"); out.write("<p> Hello World:\r\n "); out.print( new java.util.Date() ); out.write("\r\n"); out.write("</p>\r\n"); out.write("</body>\r\n"); out.write("</html>\r\n");

    Produced

    Basic Constructs
    So far weve seen literals:

    E.g. <html> Copied straight to output (to browser) E.g. <%= new java.util.Date() %> Return a value included in the output Directives, Declarations and Scriptlets

    And expressions:

    Also have:

    Directives
    Instructions to the compiler Examples:

    Include another page (compile-time)


    <%@ include file="header.jsp" %>

    Import some Java packages (comma sep.)


    <%@ page import=java.util.Collection%>

    Declarations
    Used to declare variables and methods Go in the declaration section of the Servlet Can then be used later in the JSP page Note the syntax Examples:

    <%! int count = 0 %> <%! double sqr(double x) { return x * x; } %>

    Scriptlets
    These are sections of Java code embedded in the page Unlike expressions, they do not return a value But may write directly to the page

    Get the writer: response.getWriter()

    They go in the service method of the servlet Get executed each time a page is requested

    Illustrative Example
    Demonstrates much of the above <%! int n = 0; %> Page accessed: <%= ++n %> times <% if ( (n % 10) == 0 ) { n = 0; } %>

    What happens on next refresh?

    Request and Response


    Each JSP page has access to two special objects The Request object carries information passed by the HTTP request (e.g. made by the browser) This includes any submitted form data The Response object is used to pass information back to the Client (browser) E.g. response.getWriter() provides an output stream for direct writing to the client

    Form Handling with JSP


    JSP makes form handling easy Can use request.getParameter() to get submitted values Or can define a JavaBean to grab the values semi-automatically. Well see this in action later with a simple example

    HTML Forms
    Allow user to supply input

    Text Fields single line Password field single line, blanked-out text Text Areas multi-line Choice (pop-up menu) Radio-button (1 from n) Check-box (m from n) Browse button Submit buttons

    Form Generation
    Need to generate the HTML to send to the client The forms should be well presented

    e.g. aligned in a table

    Need to name the input fields So that we may extract the data from the submitted form Next: some sample form elements

    Some sample form elements


    linked/FormElements.html

    Form Processing
    The form can specify whether data is supplied via a GET or POST request POST is the usual way Therefore, a servlet should implement the doPost() method to process a form JSP hides these GET/POST details (see request.getParameter and <jsp:setProperty>)

    Submission Data Formats


    When a form is generated, it can also specify the data format By default, this is plain text But can also be a MIME format MIME allows upload of binary data (via base-64 encoding) Hence allows files of any type to be uploaded to a web server

    Form Life-Cycles and Data Models


    Where does a form come from? Where are the data-types specified? Whats the destination for the form input data? How do we best validate it on the server? What kind of data models are appropriate? Can we separate form content from form presentation?

    Form Processing Architectures


    Helper classes for servlets

    To generate forms (+ other HTML) Process the form input

    JSP + JavaBeans (more later) JSP + Tag Library (not covered in this course) XForms not covered, but well worth a read if youre keen! MS InfoPath installed in the Lab can auto-generate forms from XML Schemas

    JavaBeans
    Come in two types

    Simple (this course) Enterprise (EJB: more complex, not covered) Data bound classes Define properties (fields) Define get/set methods

    Simple JavaBeans

    See following example

    Hotel Booking Form

    HTML (body) for Booking Form


    <body> <h3 align="center">Welcome to the Hotel California</h3> <form method="POST" action="BookHotel.jsp"> <p>Name: <input type="text" name="name" size="20"></p> <p>How many nights: <select size="1" name="nNights"> <option selected="">1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> </select></p> <p> <input type="submit" value="Submit" name="B1"> </p> </form> </body>

    Accessing Submitted Values (manual version)


    <html> <head><title>Bean test</title></head> <body> <h2> <%=request.getParameter("name") %> to stay for <%= request.getParameter("nNights") %> nights. </h2> </body> </html>

    JavaBean Version (Auto)


    <jsp:useBean id='roomBooking' scope='page' class='beans.HotelBean' /> <jsp:setProperty name='roomBooking' property='*' /> <html> <head><title>Bean test</title></head> <body> <h2> <%=roomBooking.getName()%> to stay for <%= roomBooking.getnNights() %> nights. </h2> </body> </html>

    Java Code for Bean Version


    package beans; public class HotelBean { String name; int nNights; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getnNights() { return nNights; } public void setnNights(int nNights) { this.nNights = nNights; }

    Resulting Page

    Bean Scope
    Note the setting: scope='page' Scope has four possible settings: Page

    Bean exists for execution of that page only Like page, but survives any forward or include requests

    Request

    Bean Scope (cont.)


    Session

    The Bean exists for multiple requests within the web application, from a particular web browser instance Used for shopping baskets etc. The Bean exists for all requests from all users, for all pages that use it. Survives until the Web Application Server is restarted Can be used for a database connection (or connection pool)

    Application

    Beans v. Manual
    For this example, consider the differences:

    JavaBean JSP page: more complex JavaBean also required an external class definition When would JavaBean solutions be better than manual versions?

    Discussion question:

    Answer:

    Lab Exercises
    Try typing in and running running these JSP examples for yourself Instructions for Tomcat: see Lab pages Also study the servlet code produced (in the tomcat\work directory

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