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STALIN
CONTENTS
Introduction Objective Types of fans and blowers Methodology Energy efficiency opportunities
They
are machines whose primary function is to provide a large flow of air or gas to various processes of many industries. This is achieved by rotating a number of blades, connected to a hub and shaft, and driven by a motor or turbine. The flow rates of these fans range from approximately 200 to 2,000,000 cubic feet (5.7 to 57000 cubic meters) per minute. A blower is another name for a fan that operates where the resistance to the flow is primarily on the downstream side of the fan.
FAN COMPONENTS
To study general types of industrial fans and blowers. Evaluation and assessment of their performance and system operation efficiency. To study various energy conserving options.
VANEAXIAL FANS
RADIAL BLADE
CENTRIFUGAL FANS
Rotating impeller increases air velocity Air speed is converted to pressure
High pressures for harsh conditions High temperatures Moist/dirty air streams Material handling
Categorized by blade shapes Radial Forward curved Backward inclined
AXIAL FANS
Work like airplane propeller: Blades create aerodynamic lift Air is pressurized Air moves along fan axis
BLOWERS
Difference with fans Much higher pressures <1.20 kg/cm2 Used to produce negative pressures for industrial vacuum systems
Types
Centrifugal blower Positive displacement
CENTRIFUGAL BLOWERS
Gear-driven impeller that accelerates air
Single and multi-stage blowers Operate at 0.35-0.70 kg/cm2 pressure Airflow drops if system pressure rises
SYSTEM RESISTANCE Sum of static pressure losses in system Configuration of ducts, pickups, elbows Pressure drop across equipment
calculated
FAN CURVE
Performance curve of fan under specific conditions
Fan volume
System static pressure Fan speed Brake horsepower
OPERATING POINT
FAN LAWS
Efficiency
Tubular
Forward
Flow rate
p = Average differential
pressure
Fan cleaning
Disadvantages Limited adjustment Reduce flow but not energy consumption Higher operating and maintenance costs
c) Inlet guide vanes Create swirls in fan direction Reduce angle air and fan blades Lowering fan load, pressure, air flow Advantages Improve efficiency: reduced load and airflow Cost effective at 80-100% of full air flow Disadvantage Less efficient at <80% of full air flow
e) Variable frequency drives Change motors rotational speed by adjusting electrical frequency of power Advantages Effective and easy flow control Improved efficiency over wide operating range Can be retrofitted to existing motors Compactness No fouling problems Reduced energy losses and costs f) Multiple speed drive Changes fan speed from one speed to other speed Advantages Efficient control of flow Suitable if only 2 speeds required Disadvantages Need to jump from speed to speed High investment costs
g) Disc throttle:
Sliding throttle that changes width of impeller exposed to air stream Advantages Simple design Disadvantages Feasible in some applications only h) Operate more fans in parallel (instead of one large fan) Advantages High efficiencies at varying demand Risk of downtime avoided Less expensive and better performance than one large fan Can be equipped with other flow controls Disadvantages Only suited for low resistance system