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1. Architecture
2. Programming
3. Interfacing
Memory
CPU
1. Architecture
3. Interfacing
Printer
2. Programming
I/O
1. Architecture
1.1 1.2 The architecture of CPU Addressing modes
DR
DH (DX) DL
SP BP
IR
EDI
ESI
DI
SI
CS
DS
ES SS FS
Segment registers
GS
1. Architecture
2. Programming
3. Interfacing
2. Programming
2.1 Data movement instructions 2.2 Arithmetic and logic instructions 2.3 Program control instructions
program
.DATA NUM DB 34H TABLE DW 0012H,0033H,5687H .CODE .STARTUP MOV BX,OFFSET TABLE MOV AX,[BX+4] MOV CX,88H MUL CX CMP AX,2000H JAE NEXT OUT AX,P8 .EXIT END
Application languages /application program High-level languages /compiler &interpretative program Assembly language/ assembly program
Keyboard command and system primitive / operating system Machine instruction system/ CPU
1. Architecture
2. Programming
3. Interfacing
3. Interfacing
1 8088/8086 hardware specifications 2 Memory interface 3 Basic I/O interface 4 Interrupts 5 Direct memory access and DMAcontrolled I/O
Memory interface
request
Familiar with
Addressing mode programming with assembly language interfacing of microprocessor
Reference Books
IBM-PC
The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers (Volumes I & II): Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing (4th Edition)
Reference Lessons
Operating system Computer architecture
Chapter 1
Chapter 1:
1. What mankind has done before the microprocessor finally came out?
ENIAC
ENIAC
ENIAC
Intel 4004
Intel 8088
Intel Petium
Intel Petium II
133*33+44*14
memory
controller
Memory
Interface
Data bus
Control bus
External devices
PC system
internal memory I/O interface I/O Devices & external memory system software application software powerpanelpc frame, etc
Chapter 2
Introduction to Number System & Data Formats
Chapter 2:
(-133)*33+44*14.5
How to represent these data? How to calculate them? How about other characters?
2.1.1 Digits ()
2.1.1 Digits ()
A. Decimal() (09) B. Binary (0----1)
C. Octal() (07)
D. Hexadecimal() (09,A,B,C,D,E,F)
2.1.1 Digits ()
Example: A base 13(1313)number contains 13 digits:
09,A(10),B(11),C(12)
1 21 2 =15
1 20 1
BCD
BCH Hexadecimal
Binary addition and subtraction get the same results on the unit position
()
0 positive 1 negative
-1
O = 1( O 1 C=1,C0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
O=1 C=0
O = 1( O 1 C=1,C0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
O=0 C=1
1MB 1M BYTE
8 Bit 8 Bit
Packed BCD data are stored as two digits per byte 37-----0011 0111-----37H Unpacked BCD data are stored as one digit per byte 37-----0000 0011 0000 0111 -----0307H
-128 64 32 16
Radix complements ()
-1 -2 -3 -4 -127 -128 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 1101 1100
Store address
DATA DW 1234H
3002H 3001H 3000H 2FFFH 12H 34H
56H
78H
Unsigned
0000 0003E1C0 0004 87AC1234 0008 00000046 Signed 000C FFEB8058 0010 000000C6 DATA1 DD 254400 DATA2 DD 87AC1234H DATA3 DD 70 DATA4 DD -1343400 DATA5 DD +198
1100 1100
1.1*23 -1.1*23
0 1
11001 1.1001*26 0 00
Double-precision
0008 405ED9999999999A NUMB3 DQ(REAL8) 123.4
Extended-precision
0010 4005F6CCCCCCCCCCCCCD NUMB4 REAL10 123.4
Positive infinity.
Negative infinity.
S 1
Exponent 30-23 (ALL ONES)
S 0 S 0
Significant 22-0 (ALL 0) Significant 22-0 (ALL ZEROS) Significant 22-0 (ALL ZEROS)