PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION

CHEMICAL DIGESTION OF TRIGLYCERIDES

SETUP

F1

F2

F3

cream 5 mL distilled water few grains of bile salts

cream pacreatin solution

cream pancreatin solution few grains of bile salts

Pancreatin
- lipase, protease, amylase: catalyze hydrolysis of fats into glycerol and fatty acid

Bile Salt
- emulsifies fats - helps in eliminating toxins from the body - fats mixed with bile salts can be broken down by pancreatic lipase into fatty acids monoglycerides

SETUP
Measure intial pH of each solution.

SETUP
Incubate in a 37C water bath for an hour. Repeat pH measurement of each solution after 20, 40, and 60 minutes incubation.

TEST SOLUTIONS PH WITHIN 20-MINUTE INTERVALS

SET-UP NUMBER/pH F1 (water) F2 (pancreatin) F3 (pancreatin + bile slats) INITIAL AFTER 20 AFTER 40 AFTER 60 MINUTES MINUTES MINUTES INCUBATION INCUBATION INCUBATION 6.53 5.63 6.24 4.46 4.21 6.10 4.93 6 4.99

7 6.2 6.71

WHAT HAPPENED?
as the incubation time increased, the pH of solution of cream with pancreatin decreased. as pancreatic enzymes and bile breaks the ester bonds of triglycerides in the cream, pH continues to decrease because the work of the enzymes is starting to effect.

the enzymes are starting to emulsify fats from the cream. That explains the slight decrease in pH after 60 minutes of incubation.

CHEMICAL DIGESTION
Process by which food products are chemically processed by the body starts in the mouth and then in the stomach Salivary amylase Hydrochloric acid, gastric juices enzymes are used to break down food Pancreatic enzymes bile

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES:
Lipase
released by the pancreas contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fat and protein

Bile
released by the liver dissolves fat so that the pancreatic juices (lipase) can digest it properly

CHEMICAL DIGESTION
factors like pH may influence enzyme functions during chemical digestion enzymes of digestion are more efficient in a neutral and slightly basic environment than in acidic one. any changes from the particular pH generally decrease catalytic activity. fats are the most difficult to digest since enzymes require a high pH for activation of pancreatic enzymes when there is no food to be broken down in the stomach, pancreatic enzymes and bile are not present pancreatic enzymes and bile salts also act as alkalinity regulator in the stomach.

CHEMICAL DIGESTION
addition of bile salts hastens fat digestion and toxin elimination from the body. Thus, samples containing bile salts should have exhibited a decreasing trend in pH.

RATE OF DIGESTION VS PH

EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF BILE SALTS TO PANCREATIN

Addition of bile salts to pancreatin emulsify fats (breaks them into small droplets called micelles), increasing surface area for action of lipase, thus, making fat digestion more efficient.