DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF TEETH

Click to edit Master subtitle style

Click to edit Master subtitle style

I. ABNORMALITIES OF DENTAL PULP:

Developmental ANOMALIES

BY:

Myrill Garcia

DENTAL ANOMALIES

ABNORMALITIES IN SIZE OF TEETH

q

Macrodontia Microdontia

MACRODONTIA

ALTERATIONS IN SIZ TEETH

Macrodont is a condition in which teeth are larger than normal

Macrodont (megadont) premolars and molars

MICRODONTIA
A

ALTERATIONS IN SIZ TEETH

microdont is a tooth which is smaller than its normal size.

MICRODONTIA
Peg

ALTERATIONS IN S TEETH

lateral incisor. A peg tooth is a form of microdont.

ABNORMALITIES

IN

SHAPE OF TEETH
Fusion Gemination Concrescence Dens in dente Dens evaginatus Talon cusp Taurodontism Dilaceration Hypercementosis Enamel pearl Attrition Abrasion Erosion

FUSION
Union

of two normally separated

teeth Fusion of crown Fusion of root Fusion of crown and root

FUSION

Fusion of mandibular central and lateral incisors.

GEMINATION

invagination with resultant incomplete formation of two teeth results from the splitting or twinning of a single forming tooth (germ), appears doubled in width and may be notched Affects the crown only

CONCRESCENCE
Form

of fusion occurring after root formation has been completed, resulting in teeth united by their cementum. The involved teeth may erupt partially or may completely fail to erupt. Most commonly seen in association with the maxillary second and third molars.

CONCRESCENCE

Concrescence of a mandibular third molar and a supernumerary fourth mola

CONCRESCENCE

Treatment

Surgical separation of the teeth may be necessary if one is to be extracted.

DENS IN DENTE Dens invaginatus. Dilated composite odontome

A developmental anomaly in which there is an invagination of the enamel from the crown portion of the tooth apically Most commonly observed in the cingulum of the apex lateral incisor radiographically appears as an elongated bulb shaped mass of enamel surrounding a radioluscent area that gives the appearance of a tooth within a tooth

DENS in DENTE
Dens in Dente literally means "a tooth within a tooth". It is a developmental anomaly caused by an epithelial invagination during the development of the tooth. Enamel is laid down on the internal surface of the tooth. The maxillary lateral incisor is the most frequently affected tooth

DENS EVAGINATUS
Developmental

condition affecting predominantly premolars. It exclusively occurs in individuals of the Mongoloid race (Asians, Eskimos, Native Americans). The anomalous tubercle or cusp is located in the center of the occlusal surface. The tubercle wears off relatively quickly causing early exposure of the accessory pulp horn that extends into the tubercle.

DENS EVAGINATUS

TALONS CUSP
Accessory

cusp located in the lingual surface of maxillary or mandibular teeth. The cusp arises in the cingulum area and may produce occlusal disharmony. In combination with the normal incisal edge, the talons cusp forms a pattern resembling an eagles talon.

TALONS CUSP
Resembling

AN EAGLES talon which projects lingually from the cingulum areas of a maxillary or mandibular incisors

TAURODONTISM
( Bulls teeth) body of the tooth is enlarged at the expense of the roots usually occurs in multirooted teeth. An enlarged body and pulp chamber, as well as apical displacement of the pulpal floor

TAURODONTISM
"bull like" teeth derived from similarity of these teeth to those of ungulate or cud chewing animals. On dental radiograph, the involved tooth looks rectangular in shape without apical taper. The pulp chamber is extremely large and the furcation may be only a few millimeters long at times.

DILACERATION

Abnormal bend in the root of a tooth. the exact cause is not known, it is believed to arise as a result of trauma to a developing tooth which alters the angle between the tooth germ and the portion of the tooth already developed. Dilaceration of roots may produce difficulties during extraction or root canal therapy.

HYPERCEMENTOSIS
evident on a radiograph as an excessive build-up of cementum around all or part of a root of a tooth. Surrounding this bulbous enlargement of hypercementosis is a continuous periodontal membrane space and a normal lamina duva. In a large majority of instances, hypercementosis affects vital teeth.

HYPERCEMENTOSIS

ENAMEL PEARL (enameloma) is an ectopic

mass of enamel which can occur anywhere on the roots of teeth but is usually found at the furcation area of roots. The maxillary molars are more

ATTRITION
The loss of tooth structure that results from physiologic wear produced on the incisal and occlusal surfaces of opposing teeth. Chewing habits, dental occlusion, and texture of food (tobacco chewing) influence the pattern and extent of attrition.

ABRASION
Abrasion is the loss of tooth structure that results from pathologic (mechanical) wear, that is, from friction of a foreign body on a tooth surface. The most common cause of abrasion is vigorous toothbrushing or the use of an abrasive dentifrice.

EROSION
Erosion is the loss of tooth structure that results from a chemical action not involving a bacterial process. In most cases, the teeth are repeatedly in contact with acidic foods and beverages for short or prolonged periods of times to produce surface decalcification

ABFRACTION
results from tooth bending (flexure) caused by heavy occlusal forces, result from separation of enamel rods near the cervical line. It is hypothesized thatenamel, especially at thecementoenamel junction(CEJ), undergo this pattern of destruction by separating theenamel rods

MULBERRY MOLAR
first

molars in the dentitions may have occlusal anatomy of many tiny tubercles with poorly developed cusps

HUTCHINSONS INCISORS
a

result of prenatal syphilis, may be screw-driver shaped, broad cervically, and narrowing incisally, with a notched incisal edge

FLUOROSIS
receiving too muchfluori deduring tooth development . Fluorosis appears as tiny white

TETRACYCLINE STAIN
an

antibiotic taken by a pregnant woman, infant or child during tooth formation. Causes yellow to gray-brown staining. Affect primary and

Treatment

cosmetic dental treatment to enhance them through the use ofporcelain veneers

Before

After

Diffuse

ERYTHROPOIETIC PORPHYRIA
Prophyrin present in enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth so discoloration worse
q

discoloration of dentition results Teeth appear red-brown and exhibit a red fluorescence when exposed to UV light Only dentin of permanent teeth

Treatment

Bone marrow transplant

ABNORMALITIES IN POSITION OF TEETH

Submerged teeth Impacted teeth Transposed teeth Ankylosed teeth

SUBMERGED TEETH

A submerged tooth is a retained deciduous tooth (usually a molar) with its occlusal surface at a lower level than the adjoining permanent teeth. In the adjacent areas eruption and alveolar growth continue.

IMPACTED TEETH

An impacted tooth is a tooth which is prevented from erupting due to crowding of teeth or from some physical barrier or an abnormal eruption path.

TRANSPOSED TEETH
Transposed

teeth are two teeth that have exchanged their positions in the dental arch.

ANKYLOSED TEETH
An

ankylosed tooth is a tooth in which there is fusion of the cementum to the surrounding bone

PREMATURE ERUPTION
Teeth

erupted at birth (natal teeth) or which erupt within the first 30 days of life (neonatal teeth) are uncommon

DELAYED ERUPTION
Retarded

eruption

ERUPTION SEQUESTRUM

Tiny irregular spicules of bone overlying the crown of an erupting permanent molar Found just prior to or immediately following the emergence of the tips of cusps through the oral mucosa a needlelike piece of calcified tissue that is located over the gingival tissues of an erupting tooth

ERUPTION HEMATOMA
is a bluish, opaque, asymptomatic lesion which overlays an erupting tooth. The swelling is due to the accumulation of blood, tissue fluid, or both in the dilated follicular sac around the erupting crown. It can be differentiated from an eruption cyst by transillumination.

ERUPTION CYST
a bluish, translucent, elevated, compressible, asymptomatic, domeshaped lesion of the alveolar ridge associated with an erupting primary or permanent tooth. If left untreated, the cyst will spontaneously rupture. The cyst may be

ABNORMALITIES OF ENAMEL AND/OR DENTIN Hypoplasia Turners Hypoplasia Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dentinal dysplasia odontodysplasia

ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA
Hypoplastic defects alter the shape of teeth. most commonly observed changes are those resulting in a localized loss of enamel. This loss may take the form of a single pit defect or a series of pits encircling the tooth horizontally. The pits may coalesce to form a groove.

Causes of hypoplasia: Local 1. Trauma (Turner's hypoplasia) 2. Infection (Turner's hypoplasia) General 1. Hereditary a) Dentinogenesis imperfecta b) Amelogenesis imperfecta 2. Diseases of genetic or idiopathic origin a) Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica b) Cleido-cranial dysostosis c) Osteogenesis imperfecta 3. Prenatal or congenital syphilis

HYPOPLASIA

HYPERPLASIA
increase

in volume of tissue caused by growth of new cells

TURNERS HYPOPLASIA
Turner's

hypoplasia, also known as Turner's tooth, is a term used to describe a permanent tooth with a hypoplastic defect to its crown.

AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Enamel hypoplasia Enamel hypocalcification Enamel hypomaturation

Hereditary condition characterized:

Normal dentin and normal periodontium An ectodermal disturbance Color varies from yellow to dark brown Chalky texture or even cheesy consistency Enamel is smooth or may have numerous parallel vertical wrinkles or grooves

AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Type I: Hypoplastic AI This defect occurs during the histodifferentiation stage.Enamel is not formed to full thickness because ameloblasts fail to lay down sufficient matrix. May include a localized defect, localized pitting, or generalized decrease of enamel formation.

AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Type

II: Hypomaturation AIThis defect occurs during matrix apposition.Enamel is softer and chips from the underlying dentin. Enamel has a mottled brown-yellowwhite color.

AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Type

III: Hypocalcified AIDefect occurs during the calcification stage. Most common type of amelogenesis imperfecta. Enamel is of normal thickness but soft, friable, and easily lost by attrition. Enamel appears dull, lustrous, honey colored and stains easily.

DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

a hereditary abnormality in the formation of dentin and its clinical appearance varies from gray to brownish violet to yellowish brown color exhibits a characteristic unusual translucent or opalescent hue The crowns fracture easily because of abnormal dentinoenamel junction, and the exposed dentin undergoes rapid attrition. Radiographically, the teeth exhibit thin, short roots with constricted cervical portions of the teeth.

DENTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

DENTINAL DYSPLASIA
Is

a hereditary disease of disturbed dentin formation resulting in Atypical dentin Pulpal obliteration Deficient root formation Non provoked periapical disturbance

DENTINAL DYSPLASIA
2

Subdivisions: 1. Dentinal dysplasia type I (also known as rootless teeth)

affects primarily the root portion of both the deciduous and permanent dentitions.

The crowns are of normal color and shape. On a radiograph, the teeth are seen to have very short conical roots with a tendency towards pulpal obliteration. The teeth either exhibit no pulp chambers, or exhibit only residual small crescent-shaped pulp chambers.

DENTINAL DYSPLASIA
Subdivisions: 2. Dentinal dysplasia type 2 (also known as coronal dysplasia) affects primarily the pulp chambers of the deciduous dentition.
2
The crowns of the permanent teeth are normal but their pulp chambers are often extended and may resemble "thistletubes" which frequently contain pulp stones or may be totally obliterated. The roots of teeth with dentinal dysplasia type II are of normal shape and

ODONTOPLASIA
(ghost

teeth) -An unusual dental anomaly characterized by: Unusually large pulp Thin enamel Thin dentin With periapical lesion

INTERGLOBULAR DENTIN
Failure

of the dentin to completely calcify and it appears as black globules of area near the DEJ

Click to edit Master subtitle style

Thankyou !
BY: Myrill Garcia

DENTAL ANOMALIES
I.

ABNORMALITIES OF DENTAL PULP:

TOOTH

RESORPTION:

- Internal tooth resorption - External tooth resorption

PULP

CALCIFICATION

Abnormaltities of Dental Pulp

subsequent loss of the root structure of a tooth. This is caused by living body cells attacking part of the tooth. When the damage extends to the whole tooth, it is calledtooth resorption. If left untreated, theinfected toothsuffering from root or tooth resorption might even fall off. Types of Tooth Resorption: 1. Internal tooth resorption - occurs when the root gets damaged. The living cells in the tooth play the culprit when they attack and damage the lining, top of the root canal and the pulp tissue. 2. External tooth resorption -the condition, wherein, the root is attacked from its exterior edges. The root starts getting dissolved and the base of the tooth becomes damaged and weak

TOOTH RESORPTION breakdown or destruction, and Root resorptionis the

INTERNAL

EXTERNAL

TOOTH RESORPTI ON

TOOTH RESOrPTIO N

TOOTH RESORPTION CAUSES:

q

adjacent tooth puts pressure on it Pressure from heavy orthodontic devices Sometimes due to a bacterial infection. Bad oral hygiene or lack ofdental care gives an open invitation to the bacteria. trauma to the tooth. Sometimes an injury can cause a little damage to the root, and the body in an attempt to dissolve the pieces of broken root, might destroy the actual tooth in the process.

The process of tooth resorption can be seen in case of young children.

the primary teeth dissolve away due to the pressure put by the new adult teeth.

Sometimes, it can be caused when a tooth growing in a wrong place, puts pressure on an adjacent secondary tooth.

Those who have a habit of grinding teeth might also suffer from this problem.

The root of a tooth can also get damaged due to tumors or cysts hidden beneath the gum line, and this might consequently be followed by tooth resorption.

~TREATMENT: TREATMENT

ROOT

CANAL

DENTAL ANOMALIES
IN THE CALCIFICATION OF TEETH Pulp Stones Secondary/Reparative Dentin Pulpal Obliteration
ABNORMALITIES

PULP CALCIFICATION
the

pulps are smaller due to the deposition of secondary dentin; they occupy less of the internal volume of the teeth:

PULP CALCIFICATION deposits in the pulp amorphous/ anomalous

Abnormaltities of Dental Pulp

of the tooth

CAUSES:

advancing age dental caries orthodontic treatments attrition, abrasion, erosion dental restorations trauma dentinogenesis imperfecta

PULP STONES

Hard, bonelike structures that form within the pulp of the tooth, either within the crown or within the roots canal canal Root

Treatment:

SECONDARY/REPARATIVE DENTIN
irregulardentin formed in response to anirritant, such as caries, disease, or cavities develops as a calcified layer between normal pulp tissue and a large carious lesion. structure depends on the intensity and duration of the stimulus formed by an odontoblast directly affected by stimulus

PULPAL OBLITERATION
(calcific metamorphosis of dental pulp) is the partial or complete calcification of a pulp chamber and canal. Teeth that have pulpal obliteration

Radiographs show pulpal obliteration in DI types I and II due to rapid and excessive deposition of dentin. The pulp chambers are large in DI type III.