Coordinate Measuring Machine

Coordinate measuring machines are mechanical systems encompassing computing system, measuring probe and software, and the machine itself. Dimensional data is achieved by means of a CMM probe, which maps the coordinates of the work piece. CMMs are accurate, flexible, cost-effective, reliable, and fast in operation compared to surface plate techniques.

CMMs are classified as either vertical or horizontal. Vertical CMMs are sometimes referred to as bridge models, while horizontal CMMs are occasionally called cross-bar or cantilever models. CMM inspection programs are prepared and proved out in advance of actual use just like the CNC part programs that machine the parts. Axes movements in X, Y, and Z are similar to other vertical and horizontal CNC equipment.

During the automated workpiece inspection process, part dimensions are recorded with the help of the probe. Probes for coordinate measuring machines come in a variety of makes and models to suit the specific requirements of the inspection application. The CMM compares result measurements with the previously input manufacturing tolerances allowed for each dimension and conveys this information to either the host or CMM local computer

The CMM computer is interfaced with the FMS host computer for uploading and downloading inspection data and CMM part programs Primary functions of CMM computer are : Control of graphical display and hard copy output of measured data. Storage and retrieval of measured data. Determination of dimensional deviations Transfer of dimensional data files to the host computer. Generation of SPC data. Storage of machine calibration data Measurement comparison with test data parameters Operation of the CMM through manual or part program control

The following test items are carried out for CMM. (i) Measurement accuracy a. Axial length measuring accuracy b. Volumetric length measuring accuracy

(ii)Axial motion accuracy a. Linear displacement accuracy b. Straightness c. Perpendicularity d. Pitch, Yaw and roll.
The axial length measuring accuracy is tested at the lowest position of the Z-axis. The lengths tested are approximately 1/10, 1/5, 2/5, 3/5 and 4/5 of the measuring range of each axis of CMM. Tile test is repeated five times for each measuring length and results plotted and value of measuring accuracy is derived.

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