ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR SOLID PAINT WASTES CHARACTERIZATION

Arce Recio, R.; Viguri Fuente, J.R.; Andrs Payn, A.

Chemical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry Department. ETSIIyT. University of Cantabria. Avda. los Castros s/n.39005 Santander, Spain. E-mail: arcer@unican.es
INTRODUCTION
The coating of metallic parts and components by spraying alkyd wet paint is extensively used in the automobile industry to supply protective properties to metallic surfaces. The traditional "paints" are a mixture of binder, organic solvent, pigment and additives. The solvent-based paint application in spray booths is a source of significant "paint wastes", in solid and slurry phases, "liquid wastes or boothwater" and it is also a major "air emission" source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The paint and paint wastes from an automotive spray booth installation have been characterized by determination of the physico-chemical properties of the solid (solvents content and flash point), and determination of ecotoxicity (EC50) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of the leachates. The highly volatile matter (HVM) content, determined by the weight loss at 200 C, has been used as a parameter to relate with the hazardous wastes regulations based on the characterization parameters EC50, TOC and flash point. ORIGINAL PAINT CHARACTERIZATION
Thermogravimetric analysis Highly Volatile Matter : 57 % Medium Volatile Matter : 19 % Combusible Material : 19 % Ash : 5% Flash Point: < 21 C EC50 : 5.000 mg/l TOC : 1.118 mg/l Metals (DIN-S4) Ba: 2.5 mg/l Mg: 5.9 mg/l Co: 10,0 mg/l Zr: 0.02 mg/l Ca: 54.2 mg/l Si:: 18.7 mg/l Al : 0.9 mg/l

Component Black Carbon Barite Calcium carbonate Talc Thickener Dispersant Trietilamine Modified alkyd resin Toluene Methyl-ethyl-cetoxime Drying agents Bonding agent

% Weight 3.1 9.76 8.97 9.98 2.97 0.54 0.32 41.64 19.92 0.16 1.59 1.00

METHODOLOGY & RESULTS

Evolution of the analytical parameters with the Highly Volatile Matter (HVM)
Evolution of ecotoxicity with HVM

LINEAR RELATIONSHIPS

ECOTOXICITY (EC50) (BIOLUMINISCENCE) (O.M. 13-10-1989) TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC) (UNE-EN 13137) FLASH POINT ( C) (ISO 3679)

HVM > 15% : EC50 (mg/l) = 5,980 1,50 HVM < 15% : EC50 (mg/l) = 18,283 833.6 * HVM (%) TOC (mg/l) = 22.3 * HVM (%) + 10.1 HVM > 30 % : FLASH POINT (C) < 21 HVM < 30 %: FLASH POINT(C)=85.1 2,3 * HVM (%)

Evolution of TOC with HVM

Evolution of Flash Point with HVM

15000

1400

70

TOC (mg/l)

10000

Flash point (C)

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 20 40 60 0 0 20 40 60 EU limit

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20

EU upper limit

EC 50 (mg/l)

5000

Spanish limit

EU lower limit

40

60

HVM content (%)

HVM content (%)

HVM content (%) c) Flash point (C)

Evolution of waste characterization parameters with the Highly Volatile Matter (HVM) content of the paint dried at laboratory a) Ecotoxicity, EC50 (mg/l), of the TCLP leachate; b) TOC (mg/l) of the DIN-S4 leachate;

CONCLUSIONS
The characterization parameters of a solvent based alkyd paint has been obtained These parameters, based on the direct characterisation (solvents content and flash point), and leaching behavior (Ecotoxicity, TOC and metals), identify the wastes as hazardous, making treatment prior landfilling necessary. The linear relationships between the highly volatile matter (HVM) of paint wastes, determined by thermal analysis at 200C, and the characterization parameters EC50, TOC and Flash Point are a useful way to characterize the paint waste generated in industrial activity.