Any harmful change that interfere with

the normal appearance, structure or

function of the body or any of its part.
 DISEASES

Congenital Acquired

Communicable Non-Communicable
Deficiency

Contagious Non-Contagious Degenerative

Cancerous
Allergic
CONGENITAL DISEASES
They are present in an infant at birth; it may
be caused by hereditary factors or result from
a prenatal condition or disease. Congenital
diseases, or birth defects, are disorders that
are present at birth. Some are hereditary,
others develop while a baby is in its mother's
uterus or during the process of delivery.
ACQUIRED DISEASES
These diseases occur after birth and during
the life span of an individual. They are
acquired from our environment and are not
inherited. They are caused by pathogens; or
deficiency of nutrient or hormone; or
degeneration of tissues; or cancer growth.
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
Communicable diseases are also called
infectious diseases. Infectious diseases can
spread from one person to another and are
caused by microscopic organisms that invade
the body. On the basis of transmission, there
are two types
 Contagious diseases through Direct
transmission
 Non-Contagious diseases through Indirect
transmission
continued…..
Direct transmission:-In
this the pathogens are
transmitted from an infected
person to a healthy person
without an intermediate
agents. Some diseases
are: Chicken pox, small
pox, ring worm, diphtheria,
influenza, tuberculosis,
whooping cough, tetanus,
leprosy, rabies, Cholera,
Rabies Virus
typhoid

continued…..
Indirect transmission:-

In this the pathogens

are transmitted from
an infected person to a
healthy person through
an intermediate
agents. Some
diseases are:-
Malaria, Dengue,
plague Malaria Protozoans
TUBERCULOSIS (TB)
TB is caused by a bacteria called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It
is transmitted through minute
droplets of infected sputum or
phlegm or by drinking milk of an
infected animal.
Symptoms:-
 Fatigue
 Loss of weight
 Evening fever
 Persistent cough
 Pain in the chest

continued…..
Prevention:-
Immunization with BCG vaccination provides
protection against this disease.
A TB patient should cover his or her mouth while
coughing and sneezing
Cure:-
A course of antibiotics for 6-8 months is effective in
curing the disease.
Directly Observed Treatment Short Course is a
comprehensive strategy to check the irregularity in
taking treatment by patients.
Typhoid
It is a serious intestinal disease caused by a
bacterium called Salmonella typhi. It is caused by
eating infected food, drinking contaminated water or
milk, or consuming unwashed raw vegetables and
fruits. Its infection is also spread by flies.
Symptoms:-
It appears two weeks after the infection in the form
of headache, loss of hunger, fatigue and high fever.
These symptoms are followed by pain in the
abdomen and diarrhoea.

continued…..
Prevention:-
Isolation of the patient and improved sanitary
conditions can prevent further spread of the disease.
 Only boiled water and pasteurized milk should be
consumed.
Cure:-
 Treatment with antibiotics, along with complete
bed rest for 10-13 days is required for recovery.
Typhoid vaccine TAB (Typhoid Para A an B)
provides protection against this disease.
NON-COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
Non-Communicable diseases are also called
non-infectious diseases. Non infectious
diseases are not communicated from person
to person and do not have, or are not known
to involve, infectious agents. They are of four
types. The factors which affect a person’s
health can be divided into two categories.
 Intrinsic factors
 Extrinsic factors
continued…..
Intrinsic factors

The diseases causing factors which

exist within the human body are
called intrinsic factors.
The important factors which affect the
health are:-
 Malfunctioning of the body parts or
organs
 Malfunctioning of the immune system

 Hormonal imbalance

 Genetic disorders
Some diseases are:- Cardiac failure,
kidney failure, allergies, diabetes Cancerous Lung

continued…..
Extrinsic factors
The disease causing factors which
come from outside the human body
are called extrinsic factors. The
important factors which affect the
health are:-
 Inadequate diet
 Disease causing microorganism
such as bacteria, virus, fungi
 Environmental pollutants
 Use of tobacco, alcohol etc

Some diseases are:- Kwashiorkor,

marasmus, obesity, malaria,
cholera, rickets, scurvy, goitre,
anaemia… Cholera Bacterium

continued…..
Goitre
It is an abnormal enlargement of
the thyroid glands situated in the
neck. It is caused due to the
deficiency of iodine. Iodine is an
essential requirement. However it
is needed in very small quantity.
It is common in mountainous
regions where iodine content of
soil and water is very low.
Symptoms:-
The person suffering from goitre
has enlarged thyroid gland or
goitre.
continued…..
Cure:
Goitre can be prevented or cured by adding iodine
containing salts as potassium iodated or potassium
iodide to the cooking salt or to drinking water supply.
The iodized salt makes up the deficiency of iodine in
our body and helps in restoring the thyroid function.
It can be prevented by intramuscular injection of
iodized poppy-seed oil.
Anaemia
Anaemia is characterized by the deficiency of RBC’s
in blood and occurs due to the deficiency of iron and
so haemoglobin. The adult human body contains
about 3-4 grams of iron of which two-third is present
in the blood. It is very important for women during
pregnancy.
Symptoms:-
 The person gets tired easily.
 The person loses weight.
 The person looks pale and feel
exhausted.
 The person becomes very irritable.
continued…..
 The person loses appetite and does not feel like
eating anything.
 The swelling of hands and feet.
Cure:
Anaemia can be cured or prevented by eating
foodstuffs which are rich I iron and vitamin B12.
For example, meat, liver, green leafy vegetables
such as spinach and fruits like apple, banana,
guava contain a lot of iron.
Iron tablets are also available.
AIDS
AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome)
It is a communicable as well as non communicable.
AIDS is a pandemic disease and is caused by RNA
retro virus HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus).
The virus of AIDS destroys some cells of the
immune system of its host body.
AIDS is spread through contaminated hypodermic
needles and syringes, blood transfusion, organ
transplantation, artificial insemination, transplacental
transmission, breast feeding, common razor of the
barbers. Also it is spread through sexual contact.

continued…..
Symptoms
AIDS is characterized by:
Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia (a lung disease),
Kaposi’s sarcoma (skin
cancer), Psychosis (severe
brain damage),
thrombocytopenia (decrease
in number of platelets),
lymphoma (cancer of lymph
nodes). The symptoms
include unexplained fever,
chills, constant feeling of
fatigue, weight loss and
diarrhoea.
continued…..
Prevention
 Razors, tooth brushes and infected needles
must never be shared.
 Blood of donors should be tested before it is
given to a recipient.
 Close physical contact with the patient
should be avoided.

Note:- There is no effective drug or vaccine

available for AIDS
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-

 Science For 9th Class (P.S.E.B)

 Science For 9th Class (N.C.E.R.T)
 Sangam National For 8th Class
 ABC of Science and Technology For 7th
Class
 Encarta
 Internet
 THANKS TO THE
AIF DE PROGRAM AND OUR
GUIDE
THAT HELP ME TO MAKE THIS
PRESENTATION
PRESENTED BY:-

Mrs. Anju Jaswal

Hindi Mistress
Govt. Girls Sec. School, Kathu Nangal
Amritsar