Mecanismos de comunicación y reconocimiento celular

Adhesión celular
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF CELL JUNCTIONS
1. Occluding junctions (tight junctions)
2. Anchoring junctions
a. actin filament attachment sites
i. cell-cell adherens junctions (e.g., adhesion belts)
ii. cell-matrix adherens junctions (e.g., focal contacts)
iii. septate junctions (invertebrates only)
b. intermediate filament attachment sites
i. cell-cell (desmosomes)
ii. cell-matrix (hemidesmosomes)
3. Communicating junctions
a. gap junctions
b. chemical synapses
c. plasmodesmata (plants only)
 Anchoring Junctions

Junction Transmembrane Extracellular Intracellular Cytoskeletal Some Intracellular

Linker protein Ligand Attachment Attachment Proteins

Adherens cadherin (E- cadherin in actin catenins, vinculin, a-

(cell-cell) cadherin) neighboring cell filaments actinin, plakoglobin

Desmosome cadherin cadherin in intermediate desmoplakins,

(desmogleins & neighboring cell filaments plakoglobin
desmocollins)

Adherens integrin extracellular matrix actin talin, vinculin, a-

(cell-matrix) proteins filaments actinin

Hemidesmosome integrin extracellular matrix intermediate desmoplakinlike

(basal lamina) filaments protein
proteins
 SOME COMMON PROTEOGLYCANS

Proteoglycan Approximate Molecular Type of GAG Number of GAG

Weight of Core Protein Chains Chains

Aggrecan 210,000 chondroitin sulfate + ~130

keratan sulfate

Betaglycan 36,000 chondroitin sulfate/ 1

dermatan sulfate

Decorin 40,000 chondroitin sulfate/ 1

dermatan sulfate

Perlecan 600,000 heparan sulfate 2-15

Serglycin 20,000 chondroitin sulfate/ 10-15

dermatan sulfate

Syndecan-1 32,000 chondroitin sulfate 1-3

+ heparan sulfate
Interactions of fibrous and nonfibrous collagens. (a) Association of types II and IX collagen in a cartilage matrix. Type II forms fibrils similar
in structure to type I, with a similar 67-nm periodicity, though smaller in diameter. Type IX contains two long triple helices connected at a flexible
kink. At this point a chondroitin sulfate chain is linked to the α2(IX) chain. Type IX collagens are bound at regular intervals along type II fibrils,
with an N-terminal nonhelical domain of type IX projecting outward. It is thought that these domains bind the collagen fibrils to the proteoglycan-
rich matrix. (b) Organization of the major fibrous components in the extracellular matrix of tendons. Type I fibrils, with their characteristic 67-nm
period, are all oriented longitudinally, that is, in the direction of the stress applied to the tendon. The fibrils are coated with an array of
proteoglycans, as shown in blue on the right-hand fibril. Type VI fibrils bind to and link together the type I fibrils. Type VI collagen consists of
thin triple helices, about 60 nm long, with globular domains at either end. The globular domains of several type VI molecules bind together, giving
a "beads-on-a-string" appearance to the type VI fibril. [Part (a) after L. M. Shaw and B. Olson, 1991, Trends Biochem. Sci. 18:191; part (b) after R.
R. Bruns et al., 1986, J. Cell Biol. 103:393.]
 s other proteins)

Ig family members N-CAM, L1 n homophilic unknown no

o or
heterophilic

Selectins (blood cells + endothelial P-selectin y heterophilic unknown no

cells only) (see p. 504) e
s

Integrins on blood cells LFA-1 y heterophilic actin filaments no

(aLb2), Mac- e
1 (aMb2) s

CELL-MATRIX ADHESION

Integrins many types y heterophilic actin filaments (via talin, vinculin, focal
e and other proteins) contact
s s
The structure of plasmodesmata. A plasmodesma is a plasma
membrane - lined channel through the cell wall. Note the desmotubule,
an extension of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the annulus, a ring of
cytosol that interconnects the cytosol of adjacent cells. Not shown is a
gating complex that fills the channel and controls transport of materials
through plasmodesmata.
 I [a 1(III)]3 fibril skin, blood vessels, internal organs
I
I

V [a 1(V)]2a2(V) fibril as for type I

(with
type I)

X a1(XI) a2(XI) a3(XI) fibril as for type II

I (with
type II)

FIBRIL-ASSOCIATED I a1(IX) a2(IX) a3(IX) lateral cartilage

X with type II fibrils associati
on

X [a 1(XII)]3 with some lateral tendon, ligaments, some other tissues

I type I fibrils associati