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Susana Candia Jahi Gist Hashim Mehter Priya Sateesha Roxanne Wadia
Left lobe
Falciform Ligament Kidneys
Abdominal Aorta
Patients are in waiting list ranked according to severity of disease and life expectancy among other variables. Can be from a cadaveric donor or from a live donor. Involves heavy use of immunosuppressants during and after surgery. The risk of rejecion is always present.
Patients
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Cellular components must be purified and every component in it must be clearly identified. The cellular preparation must be clearly shown to not transmit any infectious diseases of any kind. The cellular component must stay viable and active The synthetic component must be fully biocompatible, integrity of the material and parts must also be demonstrated The device must be able to introduce the therapeutic and regulatory molecules that a healthy liver provides, and it must also filter substances from the blood the way that the normal liver does. Must be immunocompatible. Blood must perfuse properly through system
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Enabling Technologies
Hemodialysis/hemofiltration hollow fibers- controlled interaction of cells and circulating fluids Maintenance and creation of a cell line Immortalizing cells Encapsulation-envelopment of hepatocytes in a polymeric matrix. Microcarriers- polymeric particles containing cells
Cellular vs. Acellular system Porcine vs. Human hepatocytes Point in Development
MARS
Limited to investigational use in US. Hollow fiber membrane hemodialyzer. Blood on one side, human albumin on other. Albumin recycled through circuit containing another dialyzer and carbon and anion exchanger adsorption columns. Removes both water-soluble and protein bound substances Keep valuable proteins Trial have found it safe and associated with clinical improvement
ELAD
Uses cultured human hepatocytes express normal liver-specific metabolic pathways. hollow fiber dialyzer. Dialyzer cartridge connected to continuous hemodialysis machines, like those used for renal therapy. Blood separated into a cellular component and a plasma component. Plasma through dialyzer, hepatocytes on outside of hollow fibers. Currently involved in a phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficiency.
BLSS
Extracorporeal hemofiltration hollow fiber membrane bioreactor with 100 grams of primary porcine hepatocytes Whole blood is filtered Contains blood pump, heat exchanger, oxygenator to control oxygenation and pH, and hollow fiber bioreactor Currently undergoing phase I/II clinical trials Patients show some improvement
LIVERx2000
Hollow fiber cartridge Primary porcine hepatocytes suspended in a cold collagen solution and injected inside fibers Blood circulates outside the hollow fibers Designed to treat both acute and chronic liver failure Phase I/II clinical trials are underway to test the safety of efficacy of this device Anyone treated with the LIVERx2000 will be monitored for PERV
MELS
Parallel plate design Human hepatocytes attached to semipermeable membranes on parallel plate Plasma separator, then plasma passes into the bioreactor In the bioreactor, the plasma flows over the semipermeable membrane where the hepatocytes are adhered. Current trials in Europe show promise
Market for liver support is estimated to be substantial: $700 million in the United States and $1.4 billion worldwide. Liver transplants have more than doubled in the past ten years, with the transplant waitlist growing in a similar fashion