WIMAX

Wateen Telecom

0-04-2008

What is Wimax?
Wimax is Worldwide interoperability for microwave access.

Wimax is IEEE 802.16 standard based technology. IEEE 802.16 is a standard and does not identify the types of services that it can support. Services and data speeds are defined by the service provider. What WiMAX does is provide the ability to seamlessly offer any type of service over a large metropolitan area. Typically these services include voice over IP (VOIP), data, and streaming video.

 Enables delivery of last mile wireless broadband access An alternative to wired broadband services like Cable, DSL Targets two types of user markets: Fixed and Mobile

World wide subscriber growth for mobile telephony, internet usage and broadband access

WORKING Line of Sight (LOS) Antenna & WiMAX tower in line

Stronger & more reliable Supports very high data rates Frequencies reaching up to 66GHz Less interference & lot of bandwidth LOS for Backhauling always

Non Line of Sight (NLOS) Antennas not in line

Small size antennas Indoor & outdoor installed CPEs Low frequency range, 2 11 GHz Less disruption at lower freq. Low data rates as compared to NLOS

Mobile WiMAX Salient Features

Scalability High Data Rates QoS
Support for operation in different frequency bands and Channelizations. Flexible frequency planning; Macro, Micro, Pico cell support OFDM to support higher PHY rates, Larger MAC frames with low overhead, Advanced FEC, Adaptive modulation, H-ARQ, MIMO and Beamforming support Traffic types, QoS with Service Flows, Advanced Scheduling Framework, Adaptive Modulation & Coding, ARQ, H-ARQ Secure Optimized Hard Handover, Fast BS Switching Handover, Power Management with Sleep and Idle modes EAP authentication, Encryption with AES-CCM, CMAC Authentication mode, X.509 Certificates, Key Binding, Device and User authentication capability

Mobility

Security

IEEE 802.16 Completed Spectrum Application Channel Conditions Bit Rate Modulation December 2001 10 - 66 GHz Backhaul Line of Sight Only 32 134 Mbps at 28 MHz Channelization QPSK,16QAM and 64QAM 20,25 and 28 MHz

IEEE 802.16a/ Revd May 2004 2 11 GHz Wireless DSL and Backhaul Non-Line of Sight Up to 75 Mbps at 20 MHz Channelization OFDM 256,OFDMA 2048 QPSK,16QAM,64QAM Selectable Channel Bandwidths Between 1.5 and 20 MHZ

IEEE 802.16e Est. Mid-2005 2 - 6GHz Mobile Internet Non-Line of Sight Up to 15 Mbps at 5 MHz Channelization Same as 802.16d,Scalable OFDMA Same as 802.16d

Channel Bandwiths

Standard
IEEE 802.11

Type of network
Wireless LAN

Industry Group

IEEE 802.15

Wireless PAN

IEEE 802.16

Wireless MAN

Formation of WiMAX Forum

IEEE developed the technical specs for the 802.16 standard, but left the task for the industry to evolve it into a certifiable and interoperable solution and thus, WiMAX Forum was founded in June 2001

WiMAX Forum
A non profitable organization comprised of

Broadband Wireless Equipment Manufactures Telecom System Integrators Component Suppliers (Silicon, RF, Antenna, Software) Service Providers (DSL Operators, WISPs) Their Charter

To certify equipments that conform to the IEEE 802.16 Facilitate the development of WiMAX network Develop process to certify compatibility and interoperability of wireless products Over 200 hundred members of the forum 36 membership processing

Some WiMAX Forum member Companies:

Presently, more than 520 companies are member of the WiMAX Forum

Licensed Spectrum for WiMAX Deployment Licensed 2.5GHz: 2.5GHz and 2.7GHz US, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, and some southeast Asian countries broadband radio services (BRS) 195 MHz, allowing FDD and TDD operation Licensed 2.3GHz: WCS band in US, Australia, South Korea, and New Zealand A major constraint in this spectrum is the tight out-of-band emission requirements enforced by the FCC to protect the adjacent DARS (digital audio radio services) band (2.320GHz to 2.345GHz) Licensed 3.5GHz: Fixed wireless broadband access in several countries United States: FCC has recently allocated 50MHz of spectrum in the 3.65GHz to 3.70GHz band for high-power unlicensed use with restrictions on transmission Redline Technology Series WiMAX Technologies and Systems Module-1: WiMAX Overview slide 16 protocols that precludes WiMAX

Challenges for WiMAX

Problem Non Line of Sight Coverage High Data Rate and Capacity Quality of Service Mobility Portability Security Low Cost Explanation Interference, Multi-path fading Overcoming Intersymbol interface Quadruple Play Seamless Mobility Battery Life Privacy Efficient & Reliable through IP Architecture

Dept of Electronics and Communication, MBCET

Mobile WiMAX vs 3G Cellular Technologies WiMAX is designed for broadband services; mobility is an add-on Cellular tech. are designed for mobility; broadband is add-on feature

Mobile WiMAX has some advantages: Multipath tolerance (OFDM) Scalable channel bandwidth

Well-refined QoS
Advanced Antenna Technology support

2x2 MIMO, 10MHz channel

Where does WiMAX stand among other wireless technologeis?

Poor CSMA based MAC results in much lower throughputs

Data rates of various cellular and mobile technologies:

WIMAX NETWORK MODEL

The network reference model envisions a unified network architecture for supporting fixed, nomadic, and mobile deployments and is based on an IP service model. The overall network may be logically divided into three parts:

1-Mobile Stations (MS) used by the end user to access the network 2-The access service network (ASN), which comprises one or more base stations and one or more ASN gateways that form the radio access network at the edge 3-Connectivity service network (CSN), which provides IP connectivity and all the IP core network functions.

R2

R1 MSS ASN

R3 CSN

R4

NSP

Another ASN

ASP Netw ork OR Internet

NAP

ASN

R3 R1 BS R6 ASN GW

R4 R8

BS

CSN and ASN support the delivery and authentication of mobile Wimax subscribers. ASN Gateway sits between Radio and IP network. ASN Gateway is not a simple router as it have a lot of functionalities. The ASN gateway typically acts as a layer 2 traffic aggregation point within an ASN.

R6 interface is very important as it connects the BS and ASN Gateway.

The CSN is responsible for IP address management, support for roaming between different NSPs, location management between ASNs, and mobility and roaming between ASNs.

Levels of Mobility . Portability = Nomadic Mobility Dynamic Addressing with Dialup and DHCP User chooses the Access Link Portability + Roaming = Nomadic Server Mobility Dynamic DNS allows Nomadic node to be reached Portability + Roaming + Handover = Full Mobility Cell Phones Mobility is transparent to the user

WiMAX Layer Architecture

Access point

User

Frequency division Duplex

Time Division Duplex

TDD-FDD Collocation TDD & FDD systems Collocation on the same tower No performance degradation with appropriate guard band Guard band depends on: Out-of-band emissions of the transmitters Performance of transmitter output filter Directional antenna performance (side lobe suppression) Polarization Antenna positioning (space separation and orientation) Receiver sensitivity

TDD Vs FDD Comparison: Conclusions The FDD/TDD scenario is not essentially different from any FDD/FDD or TDD/TDD from the point of view of potential intersystem interference for systems sharing contiguous regions. Proper frequency planning and azimuth discrimination can be the most effective measurement to solve the potential inter-system interference. Polarization Diversity If possible, FDD and TDD systems should use different polarization The cross polarization isolation is about 10~15dB Separation Separation There should be a minimum of 10 ft separation between antennas for FDD and TDD systems The 10 ft (center to center) separation Redline Technology Series RF Planning and Link Design for WiMAX Deployment Slide 53 will have a 50dB isolation at 2GHz and 56dB at 5GHz and 67dB at 20GHz

TDD Frame (10-66 GHz)

TDD Downlink Subframe

Modulation Scheme WiMAX employs Adaptive Modulation

Modulation is selected according to SNR in a radio link
Highest modulation scheme used when SS is very close to BS, giving higher thru puts i.e. 64 QAM Lowest modulation scheme used when SS is farthest away from BS, giving lowest thru put but maintain connectivity i.e. BPSK This allows overcoming time selective fading and makes it possible in NLOS scenario to maintain connectivity & trading off between

the range and the data rate

64QAM, 16QAM, QPSK & BPSK modulation schemes are generally employed

CODING AND MODULATION

OFDM TRANSMITTER

OFDM RECIEVER
Dept of Electronics and Communication, MBCET

OFDMA Subchannels
A subset of subcarriers is grouped together to form a subchannel A transmitter is assigned one or more subchannels in DL direction (16 subchannels are supported in UL in OFDM PHY) Subchannels provide interference averaging benefits for aggressive frequency
reuse systems

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Using the TDD method, a single frequency channel is assigned to both the transmitter and the receiver. Both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) traffic1 use the same frequency f0 but at different times (Figure 1). Figure 1: Spectrum Utilization in TDD In effect, TDD divides the data stream into frames and, within each frame, assigns different time slots to the forward and reverse transmissions. This allows both types of transmissions to share the same transmission medium (i.e., the same radio frequency), while using only the part of the bandwidth required by each type of traffic (Figure 2). Figure 2: Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in TDD 1 Proxim Wireless defines UL traffic as traffic going from the Subscriber Unit (SU) to the Base Station Unit (BSU), and DL traffic as traffic going from the BSU to the SU.

OFDM Basics
Orthogonal Subcarriers

Cyclic Prefix in Frequency Domain

Cyclic Prefix in Time Domain

OFDM and OFDMA

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
Single User Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access Multiple User

Dept of Electronics and Communication, MBCET

Wi-Fi

LAN 802.11g Wi-Fi

Out of Range

Dept of Electronics and Communication, MBCET

WiMAX Mesh System

Dept of Electronics and Communication, MBCET

Advantages Over Wifi

Improved Performance Much Greater Distances Much Better MAC LNOS Ability

Frequency
Originally Working 10 to 66ghz FDD or TDD.

Now supporting 2 to 11ghz with 802.11a. OFDMA with TDMA access.

NLOS
Wifi only work on Line of Sight Areas

NON Line Of Sight capability in 2-11ghz. OFDMA.

Usage Areas
Broadband Internet Access Voip , IPTV services Cellular Phones

Competing Technologies
Technology EVDO 3GPP2
1.25 MHz
3.1 or 4.9 Mbps

HSPA 3GPP
5 MHz 14Mbps

Wi-Fi 802.11
20 MHz
54Mbps100Mbps

WiMAX 802.16a ,16e

1.5-20 MHz 9.4 Mbps

Ser vices
Band Width Download

Upload
Modulation Multiple Access Range Mobility

1.2 Mbps
QPSK, 8PSK, 16 QAM TDM CDMA 1-3Miles High

1.4Mbps
QPSK 16QAM TDD CDMA 1-3Miles High
Dept of Electronics and Communication, MBCET

20Mbps
BPSK,QPSK 16QAM CSMA 100 Ft -1000Ft Low

3.3, 6.5 Mbps

QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM

TDM OFDMA 3-5 Miles Medium

Advanced Antenna Technology

Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) Beamforming Space-Time Coding (STC) Spacial Multiplexing/MIMO

MIMO Antenna Configuration Use multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas for a single user
1 1

User data stream

2 . . . . . MT

channel

. . .

User data stream

. . MR

Now this system promises enormous data rates!

Key Radio Technology: OFDMA

For large bandwidths TDMA and CDMA suffer from inter-symbol-interference in larger cells Large bandwidth = small symbol duration Symbols gets smaller and channel does not change How to combat frequency selective fading? parallel orthogonal flat narrowband channels

Orthogonal subcarriers (downlink and uplink), high spectral efficiency

Efficient MIMO implementation

OFDMA is a cost-effective technology for Mobile Internet

Quality of Service (QoS) Grant request mechanism allocates a small portion of each transmitted frame as a contention slot. SS can enter the network by asking BS for an uplink slot More robust and reliable as compared to CSMA/CD & CSMA/CA

Conclusion
Salient Features of WiMAX
OFDM based Physical Layer Very High Peak Data Rates 10 Mbps at 10 km Support TDD and FDD OFDMA Method Used Robust Security Support for Mobility IP-Based Architecture Standardized Network
Dept of Electronics and Communication, MBCET

Challenges for WiMAX Overcome

Problem
Non Line of Sight Coverage High Data Rate and Capacity

Solution
Channel Diversity, Coding OFDM , Adaptive Antennas
Complex MAC layer, IP convergence

Quality of Service
Mobility Portability Security Low Cost

Seamless Handover, IP Based Network Power Efficient Modulation, Sleep Wake modes Encryption, Authentication, Access control IP based protocol and Large Consumer Service Dept of Electronics and
Communication, MBCET

WATEEN TELECOM
Wateen Telecom, Pakistans largest communication company in the private sector has become the detrimental catalyst that has rampantly moved forward the country into a digital revolution with its ability to seamlessly connect and enable smarter, faster, cost-effective and flexible communication solutions to reach its valued customers. WATEEN VISION To launch Pakistan into the 21st century digital revolution by providing complete communication solutions to Telecom Operators, Corporate, Consumers and to be the leading Carriers Carrier by creating a world-class cutting-edge network to deliver a broad range of reliable, affordable and quality customer-centric services.

WATEEN MISSION To provide affordable communication services that meets and exceeds customers' requirements. To deliver high-quality, flexible and innovative solutions that are cost effective and conducive. To provide complete customer satisfaction on time, every time. WIMAX MOTOROLA SOLUTION To provide a level of user experience unmatched by any other carrier in Pakistan,Wateen Telecom chose Motorolas WiMAX and IMS Core technology to provide wireless broadband voice and data services for residential and corporate use. WithMotorolas global experience and support, Wateen installed its WiMAX network in 22 major cities within just nine months and continue to deploy a network placing Wateen as the premier service provider in Pakistan.In June 2008,Wateen will provide services upto 100 cities in Pakistan.

In choosing Motorola, Wateen did not only focus on the technology and technical expertise of Motorola, we looked at their capability to deliver an end to end service. ( Shahid Miah, CTO Wateen Telecom, March, 2007.)

Wateen and Motorola won NMEI awards for technology innovation

At the third annual Network Middle East Innovation Awards held in Dubai on April 2, 2007, Wateen was presented an award for best Wireless Access Network (WAN) implementation as the best example of a success ful wide-area networking project in the Middle East. In addition, Motorola was honored in the Best Telco/Service Provider category for its MOTOwi4 WiMAX technology.

SERVICES OFFER BY WATEEN Wateen Telecom is the first company in the world to roll-out a WiMAX network at a country-wide scale. With Wateen's WiMAX network, you get access to:

Broadband Internet with up to 2Mbps dedicated speeds

Telephony with over 40 value added features Fully secure high-speed data networks

Subscribers can use advanced telephony, surf the Internet at superfast speeds, make video calls, and watch IP-TV through the comfort and ease afforded by a single connection

NETWORK DESIGN
INPUT BUSINESS SITE PROPOSING SURVEY

DEPLOYMENT
SIMULATION